Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning from Data (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780321997838
Author: Alan Agresti, Christine A. Franklin, Bernhard Klingenberg
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 63CP
Football discipline A large southern university had problems with 17 football players being disciplined for team rule violations, arrest charges, and possible NCAA violations. The online Atlanta Journal Constitution ran a poll with the question, “Has the football coach lost control over his players?” having possible responses, “Yes, he’s been too lenient,” and “No, he can’t control everything teenagers do.”
- a. Was there potential for bias in this study? If so, what types of bias?
- b. The poll results after two days were
Does this large
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Mike Jimenez is president of the teachers’ union for Preston School District. In preparing for upcoming negotiations, he would like to investigate the salary structure of classroom teachers in the district. He believes there are three factors that affect a teacher’s salary: years of experience, a rating of teaching effectiveness given by the principal, and whether the teacher has a master’s degree (0 = No, 1 = Yes). A random sample of 20 teachers resulted in the following data.
Salary ($ Thousands)
Years of Experience
Principal's Rating
Master's Degree
51.1
8
95
0
43.6
5
84
0
39.3
2
100
1
53
15
51
1
48.6
11
53
0
55
14
81
1
52
9
85
0
46.8
7
52
1
58.6
22
68
1
41.7
3
97
1
35.7
1
83
0
40.6
5
71
0
61.8
23
77
1
46.7
17
61
0
48.4
12
83
1
43.6
14
71
0
51.8
8
59
1
40.7
4
93
0
42.8
2
58
1
42.9
8
90
0
a. What is the question being asked?
b. Label your dependent variable: y =
c. Label your independent variables:
x1 =
x2 =
x3 =
d.…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning from Data (4th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - Cell phones Consider the cell phone Study 3...Ch. 4.1 - High blood pressure and binge drinking Many...Ch. 4.1 - Low-fat versus low-carb diet? One hundred...Ch. 4.1 - Experiments versus observational studies When...Ch. 4.1 - School testing for drugs Example 3 discussed a...Ch. 4.1 - Hormone therapy and heart disease Since 1976 the...Ch. 4.1 - Speaking foreign languages A 2014 study...Ch. 4.1 - Breast-cancer screening A study published in 2010...Ch. 4.1 - Experiment or observe? Explain whether an...Ch. 4.1 - Baseball under a full moon During a baseball game...
Ch. 4.1 - Seat belt anecdote Andy once heard about a car...Ch. 4.1 - Poker as a profession? Tonys mother is extremely...Ch. 4.1 - Whats more to blame for obesity? In a study...Ch. 4.1 - Census every 10 years? A nationwide census is...Ch. 4.2 - Choosing officers A campus club consists of five...Ch. 4.2 - Simple random sample of students In Example 4, a...Ch. 4.2 - Auditing accountsapp Use an app or computer...Ch. 4.2 - Sampling from a directory A local telephone...Ch. 4.2 - Bias due to perceived race A political scientist...Ch. 4.2 - Confederates Some southern states in the United...Ch. 4.2 - Instructor ratings The website...Ch. 4.2 - Job trends The 20132014 Recruiting Trends report,...Ch. 4.2 - Gun control More than 75% of Americans answer yes...Ch. 4.2 - Violent video games and family closeness A recent...Ch. 4.2 - Fracking The journal Energy Policy (2014, 65:...Ch. 4.2 - Teens buying alcohol over Internet In August 2006,...Ch. 4.2 - Cheating spouses and bias In a survey conducted by...Ch. 4.2 - Online dating A story titled Personals, Sex Sites...Ch. 4.2 - Identify the bias A newspaper designs a survey to...Ch. 4.2 - Types of bias Give an example of a survey that...Ch. 4.3 - Smoking affects lung cancer? You would like to...Ch. 4.3 - Never leave home without duct tape There have been...Ch. 4.3 - More duct tape In a follow-up study, 103 patients...Ch. 4.3 - Vitamin B A New York Times article (March 13,...Ch. 4.3 - Facebook study During the one-week period of...Ch. 4.3 - Science faculty selection of grad students In an...Ch. 4.3 - Pain reduction medication Consider an experiment...Ch. 4.3 - Pain reduction medication, continued Consider the...Ch. 4.3 - Pain reduction medication, yet again Revisit the...Ch. 4.3 - Colds and vitamin C For some time there has been...Ch. 4.3 - Reducing high blood pressure A pharmaceutical...Ch. 4.4 - Student loan debt A researcher wants to compare...Ch. 4.4 - Club officers again In Exercise 4.15, two officers...Ch. 4.4 - Security awareness training Of 400 employees at a...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 45PBCh. 4.4 - Prob. 46PBCh. 4.4 - Prob. 47PBCh. 4.4 - Prob. 48PBCh. 4.4 - Prob. 49PBCh. 4.4 - Prob. 50PBCh. 4.4 - Prob. 51PBCh. 4.4 - Prob. 52PBCh. 4.4 - Effect of partner smoking in smoking cessation...Ch. 4 - Cell phones If you want to conduct a study with...Ch. 4 - Observational versus experimental study Without...Ch. 4 - Unethical experimentation Give an example of a...Ch. 4 - Spinal fluid proteins and Alzheimers A research...Ch. 4 - Fear of asbestos Your friend reads about a study...Ch. 4 - NCAA mens basketball poll The last four teams of...Ch. 4 - Sampling your fellow students You are assigned to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 61CPCh. 4 - Comparing female and male students You plan to...Ch. 4 - Football discipline A large southern university...Ch. 4 - Prob. 64CPCh. 4 - Voluntary sports polls In 2014, the Pittsburgh...Ch. 4 - Video games mindless? Playing video games not so...Ch. 4 - Physicians health study Read about the first...Ch. 4 - Aspirin prevents heart attacks? During the 1980s...Ch. 4 - Prob. 69CPCh. 4 - Prob. 70CPCh. 4 - Prob. 71CPCh. 4 - Bupropion and nicotine patch study results The...Ch. 4 - Prefer Coke or Pepsi? You want to conduct an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 74CPCh. 4 - Samples not equally likely in a cluster sample? In...Ch. 4 - Nursing homes You plan to sample residents of...Ch. 4 - Multistage health survey A researcher wants to...Ch. 4 - Hazing Hazing within college fraternities is a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 79CPCh. 4 - Twins and breast cancer Excessive cumulative...Ch. 4 - Judging sampling design In each of the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 87CPCh. 4 - Age for legal alcohol You want to investigate the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 89CPCh. 4 - Prob. 90CPCh. 4 - Issues in clinical trials A randomized clinical...Ch. 4 - Prob. 92CPCh. 4 - Prob. 93CPCh. 4 - Prob. 94CPCh. 4 - Prob. 95CPCh. 4 - Prob. 96CPCh. 4 - For Exercises 4.974.103, select the best response....Ch. 4 - Prob. 98CPCh. 4 - For Exercises 4.974.103, select the best response....Ch. 4 - For Exercises 4.974.103, select the best response....Ch. 4 - Prob. 101CPCh. 4 - For Exercises 4.974.103, select the best response....Ch. 4 - Prob. 103CPCh. 4 - Systematic sampling A researcher wants to select...Ch. 4 - Prob. 106CPCh. 4 - Prob. 107CP
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- List the sample space of each experiment. Picking a one-digit numberarrow_forwardWhat is an experiment? Give two examples.arrow_forwardMike Jimenez is president of the teachers’ union for Preston School District. In preparing for upcoming negotiations, he would like to investigate the salary structure of classroom teachers in the district. He believes there are three factors that affect a teacher’s salary: years of experience, a rating of teaching effectiveness given by the principal, and whether the teacher has a master’s degree (0 = No, 1 = Yes). A random sample of 20 teachers resulted in the following data. Salary ($ Thousands) Years of Experience Principal's Rating Master's Degree 51.1 8 95 0 43.6 5 84 0 39.3 2 100 1 53 15 51 1 48.6 11 53 0 55 14 81 1 52 9 85 0 46.8 7 52 1 58.6 22 68 1 41.7 3 97 1 35.7 1 83 0 40.6 5 71 0 61.8 23 77 1 46.7 17 61 0 48.4 12 83 1 43.6 14 71 0 51.8 8 59 1 40.7 4 93 0 42.8 2 58 1 42.9 8 90 0 d. Develop a correlation matrix and state the correlation for each independent variable as it relates to the dependent variable. (Round all…arrow_forward
- Mike Jimenez is president of the teachers’ union for Preston School District. In preparing for upcoming negotiations, he would like to investigate the salary structure of classroom teachers in the district. He believes there are three factors that affect a teacher’s salary: years of experience, a rating of teaching effectiveness given by the principal, and whether the teacher has a master’s degree (0 = No, 1 = Yes). A random sample of 20 teachers resulted in the following data. Salary ($ Thousands) Years of Experience Principal's Rating Master's Degree 51.1 8 95 0 43.6 5 84 0 39.3 2 100 1 53 15 51 1 48.6 11 53 0 55 14 81 1 52 9 85 0 46.8 7 52 1 58.6 22 68 1 41.7 3 97 1 35.7 1 83 0 40.6 5 71 0 61.8 23 77 1 46.7 17 61 0 48.4 12 83 1 43.6 14 71 0 51.8 8 59 1 40.7 4 93 0 42.8 2 58 1 42.9 8 90 0 g. What does the value of the Coefficient of Determination tell you about the data? h. Run a diagnosis to deterime if the model is…arrow_forwardMultiple Choice Question Identify the bias that is most present in the following scenario: The article “Study Provides New Data on the Extent of Gambling by College Athletes” reported that “72% of college football and basketball players had bet money at least once since entering college.” This conclusion was based on a study in which “copies of the survey were mailed to 3000 athletes at 182 Division I institutions, 25% of whom responded.” A. Nonresponse B. Selection C. Responsearrow_forwardThe ethnicity, gender, age, and other demographic characteristics of juries have been of great interest in some trials in the United States. When the composition of a jury does not reflect the demographic characteristics of the surrounding community, doubts about fairness of the jury selection process and legal challenges can arise. Although juries are not selected solely by chance, comparing the actual jury to the composition of juries that would occur if jurors were selected at random can tell lawyers whether there are grounds to investigate the fairness of the jury selection process. An historic case concerning jury selection, Avery v. Georgia, was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1953. A jury in Fulton County, Georgia had convicted Avery, an African-American, of a serious felony. There were no African-Americans on the jury. At the time, there were 165,814 African-Americans in the Fulton County population of 691,797. The list of 21,624 potential jurors had 1,115 African-…arrow_forward
- A random poll asked the following question: “The proposed casino will produce a number of jobs and economic activity in and around your city, and it will generate revenue for the provincial government. Are you in favour of this forward-thinking initiative?" Classify the type of bias demonstrated in this scenario. Think about how the survey process could be changed to eliminate/reduce bias.arrow_forwardChildhood vaccinations: In January 2015, the Pew Research Center reported results from one of their surveys. “Asked about whether vaccines for childhood diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and polio should be required or left up to parental choice, 68% of adults say such vaccines should be required while 30% say that parents should be able to decide whether or not to vaccinate their children.” The following is an excerpt from the press release: The survey of the general public was conducted using a probability-based sample of the adult population by landline and cellular telephone Aug. 15-25, 2014, with a representative sample of 2,002 adults nationwide. The margin of sampling error for results based on all adults is plus or minus 3.1 percentage points. Source: C. Funk and L. Raine. Public and Scientists’ Views on Science and Society (2015) Which of the following statements is correct when interpreting the 95% confidence interval for these findings? 1. We are 95%…arrow_forward2. It is felt that respondents are more likely to be honest when a randomized response survey is used. Subsequently, a substance-abuse prevention program at a university has designed and distributed the following questionnaire to all the employees and students: Flip a coin. If the coin comes up heads, answer Question a; if tails, answer Question b. All answers are anonymous. Do you carpool to the school? b. Have you used illegal drugs within the last month? a. Your answer (circle one): YES NO Assume that all employees and students answer the survey, all use a fair coin, and all answer honestly. Out of 5000 responses, 1200 are marked "Yes." Suppose the program knows that 30% of the employees and students carpool to the school. What is the percentage of the employees and students who used illegal drugs within the last month? Total Probability Formula is required.arrow_forward
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