Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780078028229
Author: Charles K Alexander, Matthew Sadiku
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4.10, Problem 16PP
The measured open-circuit voltage across a certain amplifier is 16 V. The voltage drops to 8 V when a 8-Ω loudspeaker is connected to the amplifier. Calculate the voltage when a 24-Ω loudspeaker is used instead.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Ch. 4.2 - Figure 4.3 For Practice Prob. 4.1. For the circuit...Ch. 4.2 - Figure 4.5 For Practice Prob. 4.2. Assume that Vo...Ch. 4.3 - Figure 4.8 Using the superposition theorem, find...Ch. 4.3 - Figure 4.11 Use superposition to find vx in the...Ch. 4.3 - Find I in the circuit of Fig. 4.14 using the...Ch. 4.4 - Find io in the circuit of Fig. 4.19 using source...Ch. 4.4 - Use source transformation to find ix in the...Ch. 4.5 - Using Thevenins theorem, find the equivalent...Ch. 4.5 - Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit of the...Ch. 4.5 - Obtain the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit in...
Ch. 4.6 - Find the Norton equivalent circuit for the circuit...Ch. 4.6 - Find the Norton equivalent circuit of the circuit...Ch. 4.8 - Determine the value of RL that will draw the...Ch. 4.9 - Rework Practice Prob. 4.9 using PSpice. Find the...Ch. 4.9 - Fin d the maximum power transferred to RL if the...Ch. 4.10 - The measured open-circuit voltage across a certain...Ch. 4.10 - Prob. 17PPCh. 4.10 - Obtain the current through the galvanometer,...Ch. 4 - The current through a branch in a linear network...Ch. 4 - For superposition, it is not required that only...Ch. 4 - The superposition principle applies to power...Ch. 4 - Refer to Fig. 4.67. The Thevenin resistance at...Ch. 4 - The Thevenin voltage across terminals a and b of...Ch. 4 - The Norton current at terminals a and b of the...Ch. 4 - The Norton resistance RN is exactly equal to the...Ch. 4 - Which pair of circuits in Fig. 4.68 are...Ch. 4 - A load is connected to a network. At the terminals...Ch. 4 - The source is supplying the maximum power to the...Ch. 4 - Calculate the current io in the circuit of Fig....Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.70, design a problem to help other...Ch. 4 - (a) In the circuit of Fig. 4.71, calculate vo and...Ch. 4 - Use linearity to determine io in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.73, assume vo = 1 V, and...Ch. 4 - For the linear circuit shown in Fig. 4.74, use...Ch. 4 - Use linearity and the assumption that Vo = 1 V to...Ch. 4 - Using superposition, find Vo in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - Given that I = 6 amps when Vs = 160 volts and Is =...Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.78, design a problem to help other...Ch. 4 - Use the superposition principle to find io and vo...Ch. 4 - Determine vo in the circuit of Fig. 4.80 using the...Ch. 4 - Use superposition to find vo in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - Apply the superposition principle to find vo in...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.83, use superposition to...Ch. 4 - Given the circuit in Fig. 4.84, use superposition...Ch. 4 - Use superposition to obtain vx in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - Use superposition to find Vo in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - Use superposition to solve for vx in the circuit...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to reduce the circuit...Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.89, design a problem to help other...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig, 4.90, use source...Ch. 4 - Referring to Fig. 4.91, use source transformation...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to find the voltage Vx...Ch. 4 - Obtain vo in the circuit of Fig. 4.93 using source...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to find io in the...Ch. 4 - Apply source transformation to find vx in the...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to find Io in Fig. 4.96....Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to find vo in the...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation on the circuit shown in...Ch. 4 - Determine vx in the circuit of Fig. 4.99 using...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to find ix in the...Ch. 4 - Determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit, shown...Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.102, design a problem that will help...Ch. 4 - Use Thevenins theorem to find vo in Prob. 4.12....Ch. 4 - Solve for the current i in the circuit of Fig....Ch. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent with respect to...Ch. 4 - Apply Thevenins theorem to find Vo in the circuit...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin equivalent at terminals a-b of...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin equivalent at terminals a-b of...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin and Norton equivalents at...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.109, find the Thevenin...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin equivalent looking into...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.111, obtain the Thevenin...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit in...Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.113, design a problem to help other...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits...Ch. 4 - Determine the Norton equivalent at terminals a-b...Ch. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent looking into terminals...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Norton equivalent of the circuit in...Ch. 4 - Given the circuit in Fig. 4.117, obtain the Norton...Ch. 4 - For the transistor model in Fig. 4.118, obtain the...Ch. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent at terminals a-b of the...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin equivalent between terminals a-b...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Norton equivalent at terminals a-b of...Ch. 4 - Use Nortons theorem to find Vo in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits...Ch. 4 - The network in Fig. 4.124 models a bipolar...Ch. 4 - Determine the Thevenin and Norton equivalents at...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.126, find the Thevenin...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit in...Ch. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent for the circuit in Fig....Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin equivalent seen at terminals...Ch. 4 - For the circuit shown in Fig. 4.131, determine the...Ch. 4 - Find the maximum power that can be delivered to...Ch. 4 - The variable resistor R in Fig. 4.133 is adjusted...Ch. 4 - Consider the 30- resistor in Fig. 4.134. First...Ch. 4 - Find the maximum power transferred to resistor R...Ch. 4 - Determine the maximum power delivered to the...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.137, what resistor...Ch. 4 - (a) For the circuit in Fig. 4.138, obtain the...Ch. 4 - Determine the maximum power that can be delivered...Ch. 4 - For the bridge circuit shown in Fig. 4.140, find...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.141, determine the value...Ch. 4 - Solve Prob. 4.34 using PSpice or MultiSim. Let V =...Ch. 4 - Use PSpice or MultiSim to solve Prob. 4.44. For...Ch. 4 - Use PSpice or MultiSim to solve Prob. 4.52.Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit in...Ch. 4 - Use PSpice or MultiSim to find the Thevenin...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.126, use PSpice or...Ch. 4 - An automobile battery has an open circuit voltage...Ch. 4 - The following results were obtained from...Ch. 4 - When connected to a 4- resistor, a battery has a...Ch. 4 - The Thevenin equivalent at terminals a-b of the...Ch. 4 - A black box with a circuit in it is connected to a...Ch. 4 - A transducer is modeled with a current source Is...Ch. 4 - Consider the circuit in Fig. 4.144. An ammeter...Ch. 4 - Consider the circuit in Fig. 4.145. (a) Replace...Ch. 4 - The Wheatstone bridge circuit shown in Fig. 4.146...Ch. 4 - (a) In the Wheatstone bridge circuit of Fig. 4.147...Ch. 4 - Consider the bridge circuit of Fig. 4.148. Is the...Ch. 4 - The circuit in Fig. 4.149 models a common-emitter...Ch. 4 - An attenuator is an interface circuit that reduces...Ch. 4 - A dc voltmeter with a sensitivity of 10 k/V is...Ch. 4 - A resistance array is connected to a load resistor...Ch. 4 - A common-emitter amplifier circuit is shown in...Ch. 4 - For Practice Prob. 4.18, determine the current...
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- DUC 1. Is the waveform on VT out terminal an ASK modulated signal? TS PROD 2. Is the waveform on VT out terminal an OOK modulated signal? ASK Modulator/Demodulator U1 VD Signal in VT out X1 W R1 VC Carrier in w x2 100K 3 Y1 4 Y2 AD633 Z VR1 10K VR1 Multiplier(1) I U2 Vx out X1 W R3 2 w x2 In2 100K 3 ۲۱ I Y2 AD633 Z VR2 R2 10K C4 100K VR2 Multiplier(2) +5V 200p R5 R6 R101K ww w 2.7K 22K 1N4148 D1 559 VE out D+ In(ac) 6 0H 200p HH 6 VLP out Vo out U3 VR 0.01 0.1u R8 VR3 ww 50K Envelope Detector 10K U3 LF356 VR3 LPF U4Σ LM311 Comparator U5 PLL in CS HH 14 SIGN IN PC1OUT 2 0.1u 6 CIA PULSES PHASE(2) COMPARATOR OUT 13 C10 HT 150p R16 ww R12 VSO 18K C6 200p VCO OUT 4 IK in R14 C9 10 O w H VLO out 6 7 Cle 15K VCO 150p 06 11 R1 CD4046 VCO IN 9 VR5 1K 12 R2 0.0047u C7 I Demod C8 out 10 SOURCE FOLLOWER R11 100K INH COMP IN 5 3 VR4 +5V+12V GND-12V о HTO 0.1u R13 10K I PL Figure 18-10 KL-94005 module VR5 R15 U6Σ OP37 BPFarrow_forwardh e 6. Discuss the relationship between Vx out and VLP out signals. 7. Describe the function of comparator. ASK Modulator/Demodulator U1 VD Signal in VT out X1 W R1 VC Carrier in w x2 100K 3 Y1 4 Y2 AD633 Z VR1 10K VR1 Multiplier(1) I U2 Vx out X1 W R3 2 w x2 In2 100K 3 ۲۱ I Y2 AD633 Z VR2 R2 10K C4 100K VR2 Multiplier(2) +5V 200p R5 R6 R101K ww w 2.7K 22K 1N4148 D1 559 VE out D+ In(ac) 6 0H 200p HH 6 VLP out Vo out U3 VR 0.01 0.1u R8 VR3 ww 50K Envelope Detector 10K U3 LF356 VR3 LPF U4Σ LM311 Comparator U5 PLL in CS HH 14 SIGN IN 0.1u 6 CIA PC1OUT 2 PULSES PHASE(2) COMPARATOR OUT 13. C10 HT 150p R16 ww R12 VSO C6 200p VCO OUT 4 IK in R14 C9 18K 10 O w 7 Cle H VLO out 6 15K VCO 150p 06 11 R1 CD4046 VCO IN 9 VR5 1K 12 R2 0.0047u C7 I Demod C8 out 10 SOURCE FOLLOWER R11 100K INH COMP IN 5 3 VR4 +5V+12V GND-12V о HTO 0.1u R13 10K I PL VR5 Figure 18-10 KL-94005 module R15 U6Σ OP37 BPFarrow_forwardChoose one of the choices indicated in the parentheses such as the following sentences have correct messing What is the main purpose of a communication system? a) To transmit information from one point to another b) To amplify signals for better reception c) To filter out unwanted noise dy To generate carrier waves for modulation 2. What the purpose of the modulator in a communication system? a) To generate the cares wave for modulation b) To convert the information signal to a modulated signal c) To filter out unwanted noise d) To amplify the modulated signal for transmission Which component in an FM transmitter is responsible for generating the carrier signal? a) Mixer b) Modulator c) Demodulator d) Oscillator 4 For a FM signal v(t) 25 cos (15 deviation 10 (3456 4 24669, 7321 7.21284) 117 10 sm 15501). Maximum frequency 5. In an AM receiver, which component is responsible for separating the modulating signal from the received AM signal? a) Mixer b) Modulator c) Demodulator dy…arrow_forward
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