Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780078028229
Author: Charles K Alexander, Matthew Sadiku
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 48P
Determine the Norton equivalent at terminals a-b for the circuit in Fig. 4.115.
Figure 4.115
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
2. Using the approximate method, hand sketch the Bode plot for the following transfer
functions.
a) H(s) = 10
b) H(s) (s+1)
c) H(s):
=
1
=
+1
100
1000 (s+1)
10(s+1)
d) H(s) =
(s+100)
(180+1)
Q4: Write VHDL code to implement the finite-state machine described by the state
Diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1
1. Consider the following feedback system.
Bode plot of G(s) is shown below.
Phase (deg)
Magnitude (dB)
-50
-100
-150
-200
0
-90
-180
-270
101
System: sys
Frequency (rad/s): 0.117
Magnitude (dB): -74
10°
K
G(s)
Bode Diagram
System: sys
Frequency (rad/s): 36.8
Magnitude (dB): -99.7
System: sys
Frequency (rad/s): 20
Magnitude (dB): -89.9
System: sys
Frequency (rad/s): 20
Phase (deg): -143
System: sys
Frequency (rad/s): 36.8
Phase (deg): -180
101
Frequency (rad/s)
a) Determine the range of K for which the closed-loop system is stable.
102
10³
b) If we want the gain margin to be exactly 50 dB, what is value for K we should
choose?
c) If we want the phase margin to be exactly 37°, what is value of K we should choose?
What will be the corresponding rise time (T) for step-input?
d) If we want steady-state error of step input to be 0.6, what is value of K we should
choose?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Ch. 4.2 - Figure 4.3 For Practice Prob. 4.1. For the circuit...Ch. 4.2 - Figure 4.5 For Practice Prob. 4.2. Assume that Vo...Ch. 4.3 - Figure 4.8 Using the superposition theorem, find...Ch. 4.3 - Figure 4.11 Use superposition to find vx in the...Ch. 4.3 - Find I in the circuit of Fig. 4.14 using the...Ch. 4.4 - Find io in the circuit of Fig. 4.19 using source...Ch. 4.4 - Use source transformation to find ix in the...Ch. 4.5 - Using Thevenins theorem, find the equivalent...Ch. 4.5 - Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit of the...Ch. 4.5 - Obtain the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit in...
Ch. 4.6 - Find the Norton equivalent circuit for the circuit...Ch. 4.6 - Find the Norton equivalent circuit of the circuit...Ch. 4.8 - Determine the value of RL that will draw the...Ch. 4.9 - Rework Practice Prob. 4.9 using PSpice. Find the...Ch. 4.9 - Fin d the maximum power transferred to RL if the...Ch. 4.10 - The measured open-circuit voltage across a certain...Ch. 4.10 - Prob. 17PPCh. 4.10 - Obtain the current through the galvanometer,...Ch. 4 - The current through a branch in a linear network...Ch. 4 - For superposition, it is not required that only...Ch. 4 - The superposition principle applies to power...Ch. 4 - Refer to Fig. 4.67. The Thevenin resistance at...Ch. 4 - The Thevenin voltage across terminals a and b of...Ch. 4 - The Norton current at terminals a and b of the...Ch. 4 - The Norton resistance RN is exactly equal to the...Ch. 4 - Which pair of circuits in Fig. 4.68 are...Ch. 4 - A load is connected to a network. At the terminals...Ch. 4 - The source is supplying the maximum power to the...Ch. 4 - Calculate the current io in the circuit of Fig....Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.70, design a problem to help other...Ch. 4 - (a) In the circuit of Fig. 4.71, calculate vo and...Ch. 4 - Use linearity to determine io in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.73, assume vo = 1 V, and...Ch. 4 - For the linear circuit shown in Fig. 4.74, use...Ch. 4 - Use linearity and the assumption that Vo = 1 V to...Ch. 4 - Using superposition, find Vo in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - Given that I = 6 amps when Vs = 160 volts and Is =...Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.78, design a problem to help other...Ch. 4 - Use the superposition principle to find io and vo...Ch. 4 - Determine vo in the circuit of Fig. 4.80 using the...Ch. 4 - Use superposition to find vo in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - Apply the superposition principle to find vo in...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.83, use superposition to...Ch. 4 - Given the circuit in Fig. 4.84, use superposition...Ch. 4 - Use superposition to obtain vx in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - Use superposition to find Vo in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - Use superposition to solve for vx in the circuit...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to reduce the circuit...Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.89, design a problem to help other...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig, 4.90, use source...Ch. 4 - Referring to Fig. 4.91, use source transformation...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to find the voltage Vx...Ch. 4 - Obtain vo in the circuit of Fig. 4.93 using source...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to find io in the...Ch. 4 - Apply source transformation to find vx in the...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to find Io in Fig. 4.96....Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to find vo in the...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation on the circuit shown in...Ch. 4 - Determine vx in the circuit of Fig. 4.99 using...Ch. 4 - Use source transformation to find ix in the...Ch. 4 - Determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit, shown...Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.102, design a problem that will help...Ch. 4 - Use Thevenins theorem to find vo in Prob. 4.12....Ch. 4 - Solve for the current i in the circuit of Fig....Ch. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent with respect to...Ch. 4 - Apply Thevenins theorem to find Vo in the circuit...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin equivalent at terminals a-b of...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin equivalent at terminals a-b of...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin and Norton equivalents at...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.109, find the Thevenin...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin equivalent looking into...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.111, obtain the Thevenin...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit in...Ch. 4 - Using Fig. 4.113, design a problem to help other...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits...Ch. 4 - Determine the Norton equivalent at terminals a-b...Ch. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent looking into terminals...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Norton equivalent of the circuit in...Ch. 4 - Given the circuit in Fig. 4.117, obtain the Norton...Ch. 4 - For the transistor model in Fig. 4.118, obtain the...Ch. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent at terminals a-b of the...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin equivalent between terminals a-b...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Norton equivalent at terminals a-b of...Ch. 4 - Use Nortons theorem to find Vo in the circuit of...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits...Ch. 4 - The network in Fig. 4.124 models a bipolar...Ch. 4 - Determine the Thevenin and Norton equivalents at...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.126, find the Thevenin...Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits...Ch. 4 - Find the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit in...Ch. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent for the circuit in Fig....Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin equivalent seen at terminals...Ch. 4 - For the circuit shown in Fig. 4.131, determine the...Ch. 4 - Find the maximum power that can be delivered to...Ch. 4 - The variable resistor R in Fig. 4.133 is adjusted...Ch. 4 - Consider the 30- resistor in Fig. 4.134. First...Ch. 4 - Find the maximum power transferred to resistor R...Ch. 4 - Determine the maximum power delivered to the...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.137, what resistor...Ch. 4 - (a) For the circuit in Fig. 4.138, obtain the...Ch. 4 - Determine the maximum power that can be delivered...Ch. 4 - For the bridge circuit shown in Fig. 4.140, find...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.141, determine the value...Ch. 4 - Solve Prob. 4.34 using PSpice or MultiSim. Let V =...Ch. 4 - Use PSpice or MultiSim to solve Prob. 4.44. For...Ch. 4 - Use PSpice or MultiSim to solve Prob. 4.52.Ch. 4 - Obtain the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit in...Ch. 4 - Use PSpice or MultiSim to find the Thevenin...Ch. 4 - For the circuit in Fig. 4.126, use PSpice or...Ch. 4 - An automobile battery has an open circuit voltage...Ch. 4 - The following results were obtained from...Ch. 4 - When connected to a 4- resistor, a battery has a...Ch. 4 - The Thevenin equivalent at terminals a-b of the...Ch. 4 - A black box with a circuit in it is connected to a...Ch. 4 - A transducer is modeled with a current source Is...Ch. 4 - Consider the circuit in Fig. 4.144. An ammeter...Ch. 4 - Consider the circuit in Fig. 4.145. (a) Replace...Ch. 4 - The Wheatstone bridge circuit shown in Fig. 4.146...Ch. 4 - (a) In the Wheatstone bridge circuit of Fig. 4.147...Ch. 4 - Consider the bridge circuit of Fig. 4.148. Is the...Ch. 4 - The circuit in Fig. 4.149 models a common-emitter...Ch. 4 - An attenuator is an interface circuit that reduces...Ch. 4 - A dc voltmeter with a sensitivity of 10 k/V is...Ch. 4 - A resistance array is connected to a load resistor...Ch. 4 - A common-emitter amplifier circuit is shown in...Ch. 4 - For Practice Prob. 4.18, determine the current...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, electrical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- : Write VHDL code to implement the finite-state machine/described by the state Diagram in Fig. 4. X=1 X=0 solo X=1 X=0 $1/1 X=0 X=1 X=1 52/2 $3/3 X=1 Fig. 4 X=1 X=1 56/6 $5/5 X=1 54/4 X=0 X-O X=O 5=0 57/7arrow_forwardQuestions: Q1: Verify that the average power generated equals the average power absorbed using the simulated values in Table 7-2. Q2: Verify that the reactive power generated equals the reactive power absorbed using the simulated values in Table 7-2. Q3: Why it is important to correct the power factor of a load? Q4: Find the ideal value of the capacitor theoretically that will result in unity power factor. Vs pp (V) VRIPP (V) VRLC PP (V) AT (μs) T (us) 8° pf Simulated 14 8.523 7.84 84.850 1000 29.88 0.866 Measured 14 8.523 7.854 82.94 1000 29.85 0.86733 Table 7-2 Power Calculations Pvs (mW) Qvs (mVAR) PRI (MW) Pay (mW) Qt (mVAR) Qc (mYAR) Simulated -12.93 -7.428 9.081 3.855 12.27 -4.84 Calculated -12.936 -7.434 9.083 3.856 12.32 -4.85 Part II: Power Factor Correction Table 7-3 Power Factor Correction AT (us) 0° pf Simulated 0 0 1 Measured 0 0 1arrow_forwardQuestions: Q1: Verify that the average power generated equals the average power absorbed using the simulated values in Table 7-2. Q2: Verify that the reactive power generated equals the reactive power absorbed using the simulated values in Table 7-2. Q3: Why it is important to correct the power factor of a load? Q4: Find the ideal value of the capacitor theoretically that will result in unity power factor. Vs pp (V) VRIPP (V) VRLC PP (V) AT (μs) T (us) 8° pf Simulated 14 8.523 7.84 84.850 1000 29.88 0.866 Measured 14 8.523 7.854 82.94 1000 29.85 0.86733 Table 7-2 Power Calculations Pvs (mW) Qvs (mVAR) PRI (MW) Pay (mW) Qt (mVAR) Qc (mYAR) Simulated -12.93 -7.428 9.081 3.855 12.27 -4.84 Calculated -12.936 -7.434 9.083 3.856 12.32 -4.85 Part II: Power Factor Correction Table 7-3 Power Factor Correction AT (us) 0° pf Simulated 0 0 1 Measured 0 0 1arrow_forward
- electric plants. Prepare the load schedulearrow_forwardelectric plants Draw the column diagram. Calculate the voltage drop. by hand writingarrow_forwardelectric plants. Draw the lighting, socket, telephone, TV, and doorbell installations on the given single-story project with an architectural plan by hand writingarrow_forward
- A circularly polarized wave, traveling in the +z-direction, is received by an elliptically polarized antenna whose reception characteristics near the main lobe are given approx- imately by E„ = [2â, + jâ‚]ƒ(r. 8, 4) Find the polarization loss factor PLF (dimensionless and in dB) when the incident wave is (a) right-hand (CW) An elliptically polarized wave traveling in the negative z-direction is received by a circularly polarized antenna. The vector describing the polarization of the incident wave is given by Ei= 2ax + jay.Find the polarization loss factor PLF (dimensionless and in dB) when the wave that would be transmitted by the antenna is (a) right-hand CParrow_forwardjX(1)=j0.2p.u. jXa(2)=j0.15p.u. jxa(0)=0.15 p.u. V₁=1/0°p.u. V₂=1/0° p.u. 1 jXr(1) = j0.15 p.11. jXT(2) = j0.15 p.u. jXr(0) = j0.15 p.u. V3=1/0° p.u. А V4=1/0° p.u. 2 jX1(1)=j0.12 p.u. 3 jX2(1)=j0.15 p.u. 4 jX1(2)=0.12 p.11. JX1(0)=0.3 p.u. jX/2(2)=j0.15 p.11. X2(0)=/0.25 p.1. Figure 1. Circuit for Q3 b).arrow_forwardcan you show me full workings for this problem. the solution is - v0 = 10i2 = 2.941 volts, i0 = i1 – i2 = (5/3)i2 = 490.2mA.arrow_forward
- Q4. a) Consider a transmission line modelled as a four-terminal network with an unknown configuration. You are provided with the following measured parameters at the operating frequency: Open-circuit voltage ratio: 0.9521° • Short-circuit impedance: 40+j80 • Open-circuit admittance: -j2 × 10-4 S Use the four terminal equations and the provided measurements to mathematically derive the A, B, C, and D parameters of the network and explain their physical significance. Show your work and formulas used in the derivation.arrow_forwardQ1. Consider a single-phase step-down transformer with primary and secondary turns of 600 and 100 respectively and a primary voltage of 11 kV. (i) An open circuit test was conducted on the transformer and the primary current was measured as: I₁ = 2.20 A Use these results to calculate the magnetising reactance in the equivalent circuit (X) given that Rm, representing the core loss, has a value of 21 km. (ii) The remaining equivalent circuit parameters are as follows: R₁ = 40, X₁ = 25 N, R₂ = 0.4 N, X₂ = 0.3 N Draw the complete simplified equivalent circuit, by referring series components on the primary side to the secondary, giving all component values. (iii) The transformer is connected, on its secondary side, to a load of 10 at a power factor of 1. Calculate the voltage across the load. (iv) Calculate the efficiency of the transformer when operating at the load given in part (iii).arrow_forwardb) A 132 kV supply feeds a line of reactance 15 which is connected to a 100 MVA, 132/33 kV transformer of 0.08 p.u. reactance as shown in the Figure 2. The transformer feeds a 33 kV line of reactance 8 Q, which, in turn, is connected to a 75 MVA, 33/11 KV transformer of 0.12 p.u. reactance. The transformer supplies an 11 KV substation from which a local 11 kV feeder of 4 Q reactance is supplied. T1 T2 132 kV 33 kV 11 kV Fault X CB Relay Figure 2. Network for Q4 b). (i) Given the system base of 100 MVA, compute the total equivalent reactance of the radial circuit in per unit (p.u.). (ii) Determine the three-phase fault current at the load end of the 11 kV feeder, assuming a fault impedance of 0.05 Q. Calculate the fault current in Amperes. (iii) The 11 kV feeder connects to a protective overcurrent relay via 200/5 A current transformers. This relay has a standard normally inverse IDMT characteristic, with a setting current of 3 A and a time multiplier setting of 0.4. Calculate the…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)Electrical EngineeringISBN:9780133923605Author:Robert L. BoylestadPublisher:PEARSON
Delmar's Standard Textbook Of ElectricityElectrical EngineeringISBN:9781337900348Author:Stephen L. HermanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Programmable Logic ControllersElectrical EngineeringISBN:9780073373843Author:Frank D. PetruzellaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Fundamentals of Electric CircuitsElectrical EngineeringISBN:9780078028229Author:Charles K Alexander, Matthew SadikuPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Electric Circuits. (11th Edition)Electrical EngineeringISBN:9780134746968Author:James W. Nilsson, Susan RiedelPublisher:PEARSON
Engineering ElectromagneticsElectrical EngineeringISBN:9780078028151Author:Hayt, William H. (william Hart), Jr, BUCK, John A.Publisher:Mcgraw-hill Education,
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:PEARSON
Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9781337900348
Author:Stephen L. Herman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Programmable Logic Controllers
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780073373843
Author:Frank D. Petruzella
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780078028229
Author:Charles K Alexander, Matthew Sadiku
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Electric Circuits. (11th Edition)
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780134746968
Author:James W. Nilsson, Susan Riedel
Publisher:PEARSON
Engineering Electromagnetics
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:9780078028151
Author:Hayt, William H. (william Hart), Jr, BUCK, John A.
Publisher:Mcgraw-hill Education,
Norton's Theorem and Thevenin's Theorem - Electrical Circuit Analysis; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kkvqr1wSwA;License: Standard Youtube License