Chapter 4.1, Problem 3QQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general characteristic of ionic bond has to be chosen from the given options.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical bond:

It is the force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together in a molecule or ion.

A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms brought about by –

• A sharing of electrons between two atoms or ions
• A complete transfer of electrons.

An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed through the transfer of one or more electrons form one atom or group of atoms to another atom or group of atoms.

Ionic bond formation in $\text{NaCl}$:

Sodium ($\text{Na}$) atomic number is 11 and electronic configuration is (2,8,1).  In order to acquire the configuration of nearest  noble gas $\text{Ne}$ (2,8) it has to loses its valence electrons, Chlorine ($\text{Cl}$)  atomic number is 17 and electronic configuration is (2,8,7) on the other hand , has seven electrons in its valence shell.

It can acquire the configuration of nearest noble gas, $\text{Ar}$ (2,8,8) by gaining one electron.  Thus, sodium atom transfers its valence electron to chlorine atom resulting in the formation of sodium ion ${\text{(Na}}^{\text{+}}\text{)}$ and chlorine ion ${\text{(Cl}}^{\text{-}}\text{)}$ respectively.  The electrostatic force of attraction holds these oppositely charged ions together.

Let us represent the above changes by using Lewis symbols.