To determine which element loses electrons and how many electrons are lost per atom in an ionic compound K 2 S . Concept Introduction: The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons. Valency electrons are important because: The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element. The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom. The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element. Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements. For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons. The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

Question

Using the following two half-reactions, determine the pH range in which $NO_2^-\ (aq)$ cannot be found as the predominant chemical species in water.* $NO_3^-(aq)+10H^+(aq)+8e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+3H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=14.88$* $NO_2^-(aq)+8H^+(aq)+6e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+2H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=15.08$

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.71EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element loses electrons and how many electrons are lost per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element gains electrons and how many electrons are gained per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on positive ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on negative ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

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Using the following two half-reactions, determine the pH range in which $NO_2^-\ (aq)$ cannot be found as the predominant chemical species in water.* $NO_3^-(aq)+10H^+(aq)+8e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+3H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=14.88$* $NO_2^-(aq)+8H^+(aq)+6e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+2H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=15.08$

Indicate characteristics of oxodec acid.

What is the final product when hexanedioic acid reacts with 1º PCl5 and 2º NH3.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.71EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element loses electrons and how many electrons are lost per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element gains electrons and how many electrons are gained per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on positive ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on negative ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.71EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element loses electrons and how many electrons are lost per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element gains electrons and how many electrons are gained per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on positive ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on negative ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.71EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element loses electrons and how many electrons are lost per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element gains electrons and how many electrons are gained per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on positive ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on negative ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.71EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element loses electrons and how many electrons are lost per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element gains electrons and how many electrons are gained per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on positive ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on negative ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.71EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element loses electrons and how many electrons are lost per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.71EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element loses electrons and how many electrons are lost per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element gains electrons and how many electrons are gained per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element gains electrons and how many electrons are gained per atom in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on positive ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on positive ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on negative ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on negative ions present in an ionic compound K2S.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.

The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.

The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.

Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.

For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.

The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 4.2 - How many valence electrons are present in an atom...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 4.2 - Which of the following elements would have the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element, the manner in which an atom forms a bond, and the combination capacity of the element.

Chapter 4 Solutions