Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 41, Problem 24CTQ
In terms of evolution, why might the urea cycle have evolved in organisms?
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Ammonia enters the urea cycle as:
OA) aspartate.
OB) glutamate.
C) carbamoyl phosphate.
OD) NH4.
Define the following terms:a. urea cycleb. Krebs bicyclec. carbamoyl phosphated. ureotelic organisme. ornithine translocase
Treatments for urea cycle enzyme deficiencies summarize deficiencies and the strategies for treatment.Chose one urea cycle enzyme disorder and describe what are the symptoms and how are the symptoms connected to the mutation? How are the disorder discovered and treated? Is there a dietary approach to treatment and, if so, why does it work? How common is the disorder? Are there populations were incidence more prevalent? And What is the prognosis? (include references)
Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 41 - Figure 41.5 Which of the following statements...Ch. 41 - Figure 41.6 Which of the following statements...Ch. 41 - Figure 41.8 Loop diuretics are drugs sometimes...Ch. 41 - When a dehydrated human patient needs to be given...Ch. 41 - The sodium ion is at the highest concentration in:...Ch. 41 - Cells in a hypertonic solution tend to: shrink due...Ch. 41 - The macula densa is/are: present in the renal...Ch. 41 - The osmolarity of body fluids is maintained at...Ch. 41 - The gland located at the top of the kidney is the...Ch. 41 - Active transport of K+ in Malpighian tubules...
Ch. 41 - Contractile vacuoles in microorganisms:...Ch. 41 - Flame cells are primitive excretory organs found...Ch. 41 - BUN is. blood urea nitrogen blood uric acid...Ch. 41 - Human beings accumulate ____before____ excreting...Ch. 41 - Renin is made by. granular cells of the...Ch. 41 - Patients with Addison's disease retain water...Ch. 41 - Which hormone elicits the 'fight or flight”...Ch. 41 - Why is excretion important in order to achieve...Ch. 41 - Why do electrolyte ions move across membranes by...Ch. 41 - Why are the loop of Henle and vasa recta important...Ch. 41 - Describe the structure of the kidney.Ch. 41 - Why might specialized organs have evolved for...Ch. 41 - Explain two different excretory systems other than...Ch. 41 - In terms of evolution, why might the urea cycle...Ch. 41 - Compare and contrast the formation of urea and...Ch. 41 - Describe how hormones regulate blood pressure,...Ch. 41 - How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone...
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- Which of the following is a substrate in the urea cycle? a. fumarate b. glutamate c. aspartate d. α-ketoglutaratearrow_forwardThe urea cycle requires all of the following components except one of them: aspartate, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, ATP, citrulline/ornithine transporter and isocitrate. Identify the component. Explain the sequence of urea cycle using the required components and enzymes essential for each step of the cycle.arrow_forwardThe urea cycle can be summarized through the following reaction: O || H2N-C-OPO3 + COO- | H3N-CHCH₂COO b. O || H2N-C-NH2 1a Write the reactions, using structural formulas that lead to the formation of carbamoyl phosphate and its subsequent incorporation into the urea cycle. Name the enzymes and how they are activated. 1 + OOCCH=CHCOO- Write the rest of the reactions that constitute the urea cycle using structural formulas. Name the enzymes that catalyze each reaction. Indicate which reactions occur in the mitochondrion and which occur in the cytoplasm.arrow_forward
- What is the overall yield or consumption of ATP for one turn of the urea cycle? ANSWER + 2 ATP - 6 ATP + 3 ATP - 3 ATParrow_forwardCan we find homologs for the other enzymes in the urea cycle?arrow_forwardThe urea cycle can be summarized through the following reaction: O || H₂N-C-OPO3= COO- | H3N-CHCH₂COO- O || H₂N-C-NH2 + -OOCCH = CHCOO- 1. Write the reactions, using structural formulas that lead to the formation of carbamoyl phosphate and its subsequent incorporation into the urea cycle. Name the enzymes and how they are activated.arrow_forward
- Citrullene is a special amino acid that is used in the urea cycle and as a precursor for synthesis of the aminoacid Arg in the body. In which category would you place citrullene? Explain.arrow_forwardBy definition, essential amino acids are not synthesized by an organism. Arginine is classified as an essential amino acid in infants, even though it is part of the urea cycle. Explain.arrow_forwardThe immediate donors of the nitrogen atoms of urea are: a. Aspartate and glutamate b. Glutamate and carbamoyl phosphate c. Aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate d. Glutamine and aspartatearrow_forward
- Name the enzyme whose substrate is(a) Urea (b) Cellulosearrow_forwardWhere does aspartate enter the urea cycle and what compound does it eventually leave as? What metabolic cycle does this compound then enter?arrow_forwardWould you expect the biosynthesis of a protein from the constituent amino acids in an organism to be an exergonic or endergonic process? Give the reason for your answerarrow_forward
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