Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 41, Problem 10RQ
Active transport of K+ in Malpighian tubules ensures that:
- water follows K+ to make urine
- osmotic balance is maintained between waste matter and bodily fluids
- both a and b
- neither a nor b
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You suspect a person is suffering from a central diabetes insipidus.
When untreated and reasonably hydrated, their urine
concentration should be
. After injection of a synthetic
ADH/vasopressin urine concentration should
dilute; become concentrated
concentrated; remain unchanged
concentrated; become dilute
dilute; remain unchanged
In a diabetic with markedly elevated blood glucose, the glucose filtered at the glomerulus:
Group of answer choices
will be recovered using the countercurrent multiplier mechanism in the loop of Henle
will be salvaged via reabsorption in the collecting duct so that none will be lost from the body
will be recovered via secretion by the convoluted tubule
will be reabsorbed by the collecting duct as a result of ADH secretion
may exceed the maximum tubular reabsorption capacity and some glucose may be lost in the urine
Which of the following is TRUE concerning glucose transport across the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
Group of answer choices must choose one answer
Glucose is usually absorbed approximately 70% here and the remainder of the absorption is under hormonal control in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Glucose moves by paracellular transport.
Glucose moves across the apical membrane by secondary active transport via co-transport with sodium.
Glucose transport is passive, requiring facilitated diffusion across both the apical and basolateral membranes.
Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 41 - Figure 41.5 Which of the following statements...Ch. 41 - Figure 41.6 Which of the following statements...Ch. 41 - Figure 41.8 Loop diuretics are drugs sometimes...Ch. 41 - When a dehydrated human patient needs to be given...Ch. 41 - The sodium ion is at the highest concentration in:...Ch. 41 - Cells in a hypertonic solution tend to: shrink due...Ch. 41 - The macula densa is/are: present in the renal...Ch. 41 - The osmolarity of body fluids is maintained at...Ch. 41 - The gland located at the top of the kidney is the...Ch. 41 - Active transport of K+ in Malpighian tubules...
Ch. 41 - Contractile vacuoles in microorganisms:...Ch. 41 - Flame cells are primitive excretory organs found...Ch. 41 - BUN is. blood urea nitrogen blood uric acid...Ch. 41 - Human beings accumulate ____before____ excreting...Ch. 41 - Renin is made by. granular cells of the...Ch. 41 - Patients with Addison's disease retain water...Ch. 41 - Which hormone elicits the 'fight or flight”...Ch. 41 - Why is excretion important in order to achieve...Ch. 41 - Why do electrolyte ions move across membranes by...Ch. 41 - Why are the loop of Henle and vasa recta important...Ch. 41 - Describe the structure of the kidney.Ch. 41 - Why might specialized organs have evolved for...Ch. 41 - Explain two different excretory systems other than...Ch. 41 - In terms of evolution, why might the urea cycle...Ch. 41 - Compare and contrast the formation of urea and...Ch. 41 - Describe how hormones regulate blood pressure,...Ch. 41 - How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone...
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a function of the kidneysarrow_forward
- A patient suffering from a tumor in the hypothalamus produces excessive amounts of ADH, acondition called syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) production. For this patient, the excessive ADH production is chronic and has persisted for many months. A student nurse keeps a fluid intake-output record on the patient. She is surprised to find that fluid intake and urinary output are normal. Using a flowchart and your knowledge on feedback mechanisms, show why the urinary output isnormal in this patient.arrow_forwardSay someone has a blood glucose level of 245 mg/dl. Which statement below would be correct? O They would exhibit glycosuria because the transport maximum of glucose has been exceeded. O They would exhibit glycosuria because of decreased osmosis in the urine collecting duct. O They would not exhibit glycosuria because the transport maximum of glucose has been exceeded. O They would not exhibit glycosuria because of decreased osmosis in the urine collecting duct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? * Metabolism of Vitamin D Secretion of a hormone that acts to decrease mean arterial pressure Regulation of plasma [Na+] Secretion of a hormone that affects the hematocrit Gluconeogenesisarrow_forward
- Ingestion of carbonated soft drinks, coffee, and tea instead of water has caused us to be chronically dehydrated. Discuss the impact of this dehydration on overall health and how concentrated urine, indicated by its yellow color, signals the need for more water consumption, while clear and colorless urine indicates that water intake is sufficient.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning the medullary verticle osmotic gradient is TRUE: W. The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons establish a medullary osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplicationX. The vasa recta enable the medulla to be supplied with blood while conserving the medullary osmotic gradient Y. The medullary osmotic gradient permits excretion of urine of differing concentrationsZ. The collecting tubules of all nephrons descend through the medullary osmotic gradient before emptying into the renal pelvis Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correctarrow_forwardare both statements correct? In the absence of ADH, the kidneys produce dilute urine; renal tubules absorb more solutes than water. In the presence of ADH, the kidneys produce concentrated urine; large amounts of water are reabsorbed from the tubular fluid into interstitial fluid, increasing solute concentration of the urinearrow_forward
- Acetazolamide is a diuretic that blocks the activity of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells. This blockage prevents theformation of carbonic acid from CO2 and water. Normally, carbonicacid dissociates to form H+ and HCO3−, and the H+ is exchanged forNa+ from the urine. Blocking the formation of H+ in the tubule cellsblocks Na+ reabsorption, thus inhibiting water reabsorption andproducing the diuretic effect. With this information in mind, what effectdoes acetazolamide have on blood pH, urine pH, and respiratory rate?arrow_forwardThe human kidney helps control water and electrolyte balance and excretion of nitrogenous wastes. As water and solutes move through the nephron of the kidney, water is absorbed and transporters help transfer solutes in and out of the nephron. The urine is collected at the end of the nephron in a collecting duct and then transferred to the bladder. The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) is a Na+-glucose symport protein highly expressed in kidney epithelial cells lining the nephron. SGLT2 uses the Na+ gradient to transport glucose from the kidney nephron tubule into the epithelial cell cytosol. The glucose then returns to the bloodstream through passive transport out of the epithelial cells by the glucose transporter GLUT2. Blood glucose levels are higher than normal in people with type 2 diabetes. One goal of type 2 diabetes treatment is to lower blood glucose levels. One way to do so is to keep glucose in the nephron tubule where it can be transferred to the bladder and excreted.…arrow_forwardThe ability to reduce both volume and water concentration of urine depends on the following: a. Countercurrent flow between the descending and ascending loop of Henleb. Countercurrent flow between the vasa recta and the loop of Henlec. High interstitial osmolarity in the medullad. Recycling of urea in the nephrone. All of the abovearrow_forward
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