Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.78P
4-78 (Chemical Connections 4A) How does fluoride ion protect the tooth enamel against decay?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 4.2 - Problem 4-1 Following is an unbalanced equation...Ch. 4.2 - Problem 4-2 Balance this equation:Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4.3 - Problem 4-4 When a solution of copper(II)...Ch. 4.4 - Problem 4-5 In each equation, identify the...Ch. 4.5 - Problem 4-6 What is (a) the molecular weight of...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4.6 - Problem 4-8 We wish to weigh 2.84 mol of sodium...Ch. 4.6 - Problem 4-9 How many moles of C atoms, H atoms,...Ch. 4.6 - Problem 4-10 How many moles of copper(I) ions,...
Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4.7 - Problem 4-14 Ethanol is produced industrially by...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4 - 4-17 Balance each equation.Ch. 4 - 4-18 Balance each equation.Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.19PCh. 4 - 4-20 Calcium oxide is prepared by heating...Ch. 4 - 4-21 The brilliant white light in some firework...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.22PCh. 4 - 4-23 When solid carbon burns in a limited supply...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - 4-25 In the chemical test for arsenic, the gas...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - 4-28 Answer true or false. (a) A net ionic...Ch. 4 - 4-29 Balance these net ionic equations. (a)...Ch. 4 - 4-30 In the equation (a) Identify the spectator...Ch. 4 - 4-31 Predict whether a precipitate will form when...Ch. 4 - 4-32 When a solution of ammonium chloride is added...Ch. 4 - 4-33 When a solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl, is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - 4-36 Using the solubility generalizations given in...Ch. 4 - 4-37 Answer true or false. (a) When a substance is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41PCh. 4 - 4-42 Calculate the formula weight of: (a) KCl (b)...Ch. 4 - 4-43 Calculate the molecular weight of: (a)...Ch. 4 - 4-44 Answer true or false. (a) The mole is a...Ch. 4 - 4-45 Calculate the number of moles in: (a) 32 g of...Ch. 4 - 4-46 Calculate the number of grams in: (a) 1.77...Ch. 4 - 4-47 Calculate the number of moles of: (a) O atoms...Ch. 4 - 4-48 Calculate the number of moles of: (a) S2-...Ch. 4 - 4-49 Calculate the number of: (a) nitrogen atoms...Ch. 4 - 4-50 How many molecules are in each of the...Ch. 4 - 4-51 What is the mass in grams of each number of...Ch. 4 - 4-52 The molecular weight of hemoglobin is about...Ch. 4 - 4-53 A typical deposit of cholesterol, C27H46O, in...Ch. 4 - 4-54 Answer true or false. (a) Stoichiometry is...Ch. 4 - 4-55 For the reaction: (a) How many moles of N2...Ch. 4 - 4-56 Magnesium reacts with sulfuric acid according...Ch. 4 - 4-57 Chloroform, CHCl3, is prepared industrially...Ch. 4 - 4-58 At one time, acetaldehyde was prepared...Ch. 4 - 4-59 Chlorine dioxide, ClO2, is used for bleaching...Ch. 4 - 4-60 Ethanol, C2H6O, is added to gasoline to...Ch. 4 - 4-61 In photosynthesis, green plants convert CO2...Ch. 4 - 4-62 Iron ore is converted to iron by heating it...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.63PCh. 4 - 4-64 Aspirin is made by the reaction of salicylic...Ch. 4 - 4-65 Suppose the preparation of aspirin from...Ch. 4 - 4-66 Benzene reacts with bromine to produce...Ch. 4 - 4-67 Ethyl chloride is prepared by the reaction of...Ch. 4 - 4-68 Diethyl ether is made from ethanol according...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.69PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.70PCh. 4 - 4-71 Which of these reactions are exothermic, and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.74PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.75PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4 - 4-77 To convert 1 mol of iron(III) oxide to its...Ch. 4 - 4-78 (Chemical Connections 4A) How does fluoride...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80PCh. 4 - 4-81 (Chemical Connections 4C) Balance the lithium...Ch. 4 - 4-82 When gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.83PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.84PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.85PCh. 4 - 4-86 When an aqueous solution of Na3PO4 is added...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.87PCh. 4 - 4-88 Chlorophyll, the compound responsible for the...Ch. 4 - 4-89 If 7.0 kg of is added to 11.0 kg of to form...Ch. 4 - 4-90 Lead(lI) nitrate and aluminum chloride react...Ch. 4 - 4-91 Assume that the average red blood cell has a...Ch. 4 - 4-92 Reaction of pentane, C5H12, with oxygen, O2,...Ch. 4 - 4-93 Ammonia is prepared industrially by the...Ch. 4 - 4-94 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.95PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.96PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.97PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.98PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.99PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.100PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.101PCh. 4 - 4-102 Aspartame, an artificial sweetener used as a...Ch. 4 - 4-103 Caffeine, a central nervous system...
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- 4-53 A typical deposit of cholesterol, C27H46O, in an artery might have a mass of 3.9 mg. How many mol ecules of cholesterol are in this mass?arrow_forward4-52 The molecular weight of hemoglobin is about 68,000 amu. What is the mass in grams of a single molecule of hemoglobin?arrow_forward4-20 Calcium oxide is prepared by heating limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) to a high temperature, at which point it decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Write a balanced equation for this preparation of calcium oxide.arrow_forward
- 4-25 In the chemical test for arsenic, the gas arsme, AsH3, is prepared. When arsine is decomposed by heating, arsenic metal deposits as a mirror-like coating on the surface of a glass container and hydrogen gas, H2, is given off. Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of arsine.arrow_forward4-61 In photosynthesis, green plants convert CO2 and H2O to glucose, C6H12O6. How many grams of CO2are required to produce 5.1 g of glucose?arrow_forward4-102 Aspartame, an artificial sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages, has the molecular formula C14H18N2O5. (a) How many mg of aspartame are present in 3.72 × 1026 molecules of aspartame? (b) Imagine you obtain 25.0 mL of aspartame, which is known to have a density of 1.35 g/mL. How many molecules of aspartame are present in this volume? (c) How many hydrogen atoms are present in 1.00 mg of aspartame? (d) Complete the skeletal structure of aspartame, where all the bonded atoms are shown but double bonds, triple bonds, and/or lone pairs are missing. (e) Identify the various types of geometries present in each central atom of aspartame using VSEPR theory. (f) Determine the various relative bond angles associated with each central atom of aspartame using VSEPR theory. (g) What is the most polar bond in aspartame? (h) Would you predict aspartame to be polar or nonpolar? (i) Is aspartame expected to possess resonance? Explain why or why not. (j) Consider the combustion of aspartame, which results in formation of NO2(g) as well as other expected products. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. (k) Calculate the weight of C02(g) that can be prepared from 1.62 g of aspartame mixed with 2.11 g of oxygen gas.arrow_forward
- 4-81 (Chemical Connections 4C) Balance the lithium iodine battery redox reaction described in this sec tion and identify the oxidizing and reducing agents present.arrow_forward4-91 Assume that the average red blood cell has a mass of 2 × 10-8 g and that 20% of its mass is hemoglobin (a protein whose molar mass is 68,000). How many molecules of hemoglobin are present in one red blood cell?arrow_forward4-21 The brilliant white light in some firework displays is produced by burning magnesium in air. The magne sium reacts with oxygen in the air to form magnesium oxide. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.arrow_forward
- 4-59 Chlorine dioxide, ClO2, is used for bleaching paper. It is also the gas used to kill the anthrax spores that contaminated the Hart Senate Office Building in the fall of 2001. Chlorine dioxide is prepared by treating sodium chlorite with chlorine gas. (a) Balance the equation for the preparation of chlorine dioxide. (b) Calculate the weight of chlorine dioxide that can be prepared from 5.50 kg of sodium chlorite.arrow_forward4-23 When solid carbon burns in a limited supply of oxygen gas, the gas carbon monoxide, CO, forms. This gas is deadly to humans because it combines with hemoglobin in the blood, making it impossible for the blood to transport oxygen. Write a balanced equation for the formation of carbon monoxide.arrow_forward4-77 To convert 1 mol of iron(III) oxide to its elements requires 196.5 kcal: How many grams of iron can be produced if 156.0 kcal of heat is absorbed by a large-enough sample of iron(III) oxide?arrow_forward
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