Chapter 4, Problem 4.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The chair forms of galactose are to be drawn. The more stable conformation of galactose is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are naturally occurring compounds. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Galactose is a aldohexose as it contains six carbon atoms as well as an aldehyde functional group. The molecular formula of galactose is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}$.

The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Among galactose and glucose, the sugar that is more stable is to be identified. The explanation corresponding to the correct choice is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are naturally occurring compounds. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Galactose is a aldohexose as it contains six carbon atoms as well as an aldehyde functional group. The molecular formula of galactose is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}$.

The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The constitutional isomer of galactose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are naturally occurring compounds. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Galactose is a aldohexose as it contains six carbon atoms as well as an aldehyde functional group. The molecular formula of galactose is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}$.

The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula but they differ in the pattern in which atoms are connected. They contain different functional groups and/or bonding patterns.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: A stereoisomer of galactose that is different from glucose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are naturally occurring compounds. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Galactose is a aldohexose as it contains six carbon atoms as well as an aldehyde functional group. The molecular formula of galactose is ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}$.

The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.