Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the bond in
Concept introduction:
Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards it. Polarized bonds are a result of the electronegativity difference between bonding atoms. If the electronegativity difference is
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the bond in
Concept introduction:
Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards it. Polarized bonds are a result of the electronegativity difference between bonding atoms. If the electronegativity difference is
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the bond in
Concept introduction:
Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards it. Polarized bonds are a result of the electronegativity difference between bonding atoms. If the electronegativity difference is
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Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
- Use the periodic table and Table 4.4 to determine which of the following bonds will be polarized. Show the resulting charge distribution in those molecules that contain polarized bonds. a. b. c.arrow_forwardHydrogen gas and oxygen gas react violently to form water. When this occurs, a very loud noise is heard. Draw the Lewis structures for hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, and water. State whether each molecule is polar or nonpolar and why. Explain how the polarity of these molecules is related to hydrogen and oxygen existing in the gas phase at room temperature and water existing in the liquid phase at room temperature. Which is lower in energy for this reaction a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases or water? How do you know this is true?arrow_forwardDraw in all the hydrogen atoms and nonbonded electron pairs in each ion. a. b. d. ENHarrow_forward
- 1. The electron pair in a H - Cl bond could be considered... a. closer to H because Hydrogen has a larger radius and thus exerts greater control over the shared electron pair b. closer to Cl because Chlorine has a higher electronegativity than Hydrogen c. closer to H because Hydrogen has a lower electronegativity than Chlorine d. an inadequate model since the bond is ionic 2. It is important to know the geometry of a molecule because the geometry _______. a. will give the Lewis structure of the molecule b. affects the physical and chemical properties of the substance c. will determine whether the molecule is ionic or covalent d. Both B, and Carrow_forwardThe molecular shapes depend on: A. The total number of valence shell electron pairs present around the terminal atoms in the molecule and the number of bonded pairs. B. The total number of lone pairs present around the central atom in the molecule and the number of bonded pairs. C. The total number of valence shell electron pairs present around the central atom in the molecule and the number of lone pairs. D. The total number of valence shell electron pairs present around the central atom in the molecule and the number of bonded pairs.arrow_forwardNow, illustrate the various bond combinations each element can form. Refer to Carbon for the example. Take note that one bond is represented by a line. Nitrogen 3 single b. 1 single, 1 double c. 1 triple Oxygen 2 single b. 1 double Carbon 4 single a. а. а. b. 2 double c. 2 single & 1 double d. 1 single & 1 triple а. a. 4 single bonds а. -C b. b. b.arrow_forward
- 1. Determine whether the following hypothetical compounds are polar or nonpolar. Briefly explain how you can tell. a. A compound with a tetrahedral molecular geometry in which all four bonds are to four atoms of the same element. b. A compound with a tetrahedral molecular geometry in which two of the bonds are polar bonds to two fluorine atoms and two of the bonds are nonpolar bonds to two hydrogen atoms. c. A trigonal pyramidal compound that contains one polar bond. d. A trigonal pyramidal compound that contains only nonpolar bonds. e. A compound in which the central atom has two lone pairs and forms polar bonds to three fluorine atoms. f. A compound in which the central atom has three lone pairs and forms polar bonds to two fluorine atoms.arrow_forwardIf a molecule requires two or more resonance structures to draw it, which of the following statements is true? Select one: A. The molecule does not have a single structure but dynamically oscillates between the resonance structures drawn for it. B. The molecule has lower energy than the computed energy of any of the resonance structures that are drawn for it. O C. The molecule is less stable than any of the resonance structures drawn for it. D. The molecule's resonance structures coexist in an equilibrium with the lower energy form predominating.arrow_forwardConsider the Lewis structure shown below. The A-B bonds are polar. Is this molecule polar or nonpolar? Why? B A B 1. This molecule is nonpolar. 2. This molecule is polar. Because 3. The bond dipoles point in opposite directions and cancel each other out. 4. The molecule contains polar bonds. 5. The bond dipoles add together, leaving an overall molecular dipole.arrow_forward
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