
(a)
Interpretation:
The number of electrons that will be lost or gained by the given element as it changes into simple ions is to be predicted. The equation using elemental symbols, ionic symbols, and electrons to represent each change is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.
(b)
Interpretation:
The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.
(c)
Interpretation:
The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.
(d)
Interpretation:
The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
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- Synthesize 1,4-dibromobenzene from acetanilide (N-phenylacetamide) using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained by mixing (3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide with sodium hydride.arrow_forwardWe mix N-ethyl-2-hexanamine with excess methyl iodide and followed by heating with aqueous Ag2O. Indicate the major products obtained.arrow_forward
- Indicate the products obtained by mixing acetophenone with iodine and NaOH.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained by mixing 2-Propanone and ethyllithium and performing a subsequent acid hydrolysis.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained if (E)-2-butenal and 3-oxo-butanenitrile are mixed with sodium ethoxide in ethanol.arrow_forward
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