(a)
Interpretation:
The bond angles in tert-butyl cation has to be predicted.
(b)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of carbon bearing the positive charge has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Hybridization:
Hybridization is defined as intermixing of atomic or molecular orbital. The valance orbitals of an atom is allowed to combine with valence orbital of another orbital. The resulting orbitals forms a bond and these orbitals are known as hybridized orbital.
(c)
Interpretation:
A balanced chemical equation between tert-butyl cation and water as Lewis acid with water has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Balanced Chemical equation:
A balanced chemical equation is an equation which contains same elements in same number on both the sides (reactant and product side) of the chemical equation thereby obeying the law of conservation of mass.
(d)
Interpretation:
A balanced chemical equation between tert-butyl cation and water as Bronsted-Lowary acid with water has to be given.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) is used as a strong base in organic synthesis. LDA is itself prepared by an acid-base reaction between butyllithium and N,N-diisopropylamine, [(CH3)2CH]2NH. Write an equation for this reaction, and place the appropriate labels on each reagent and product from the following list: stronger acid, stronger base, weaker acid, weaker base.arrow_forwardWrite a net ionic equation to show that piperidine, C5H11N, behaves as a Bronsted-Lowry base in water.arrow_forwardSalicylic acid, HOC6H4CO2H, and its derivatives have been used as pain relievers for a long time. Salicylic acid occurs in small amounts in the leaves, bark, and roots of some vegetation (most notably historically in the barkof the willow tree). Extracts of these plants have been used as medications for centuries. The acid was first isolated in the laboratory in 1838.(a) Both functional groups of salicylic acid ionize in water, with Ka = 1.0 × 10−3 for the—CO2H group and 4.2 × 10−13 for the −OH group. What is the pH of a saturated solution of the acid (solubility = 1.8 g/L).(b) Aspirin was discovered as a result of efforts to produce a derivative of salicylic acid that would not be irritating to the stomach lining. Aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid, CH3CO2C6H4CO2H. The −CO2H functional group is stillpresent, but its acidity is reduced, Ka = 3.0 × 10−4. What is the pH of a solution of aspirin with the same concentration as a saturated solution of salicylic acid (See Part a).(c) Under some…arrow_forward
- Identify the major organic productarrow_forward1. Solid NH4NO3 dissolves in water and then reacts with KOH (aq). The container releases a smell as the reaction proceeds. (a) Write the acid-base reaction products for this reaction. (b) Write the decomposition reaction that happens immediately after the acid-base reaction that is responsible for the smell observed. 2. Write the complete and balanced Bronsted- Lowry acid-base reaction for the following. Choose the correct arrows to indicate if the reaction goes 100% to completion or is a reversible reaction using equilibrium arrows. (a) H₂S(aq) + NH4OH(aq) (b) HC₂H3O2(aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) 3. Use dimensional analysis, proper significant figures & show units. A nicotine-like compound found in tobacco has an empirical formula of C5H7O1 and a molar mass of 160 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of this compound?arrow_forwardPhenylamine is an aromatic amine that is used in the manufacture of dyes. When absorbed through the skin itcauses the Fe+2 in hemoglobin to become oxidized into Fe+3, resulting in the formation of methemoglobin whichcannot bind to or transport oxygen. Phenylamine is soluble in water and acts as a weak base.C6H5NH2 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) ⇋ C6H5NH3+ (aq) + OH- (aq)a. When you measure the concentrations of the ionized substances you find them to be:[C6H5NH2] = 0.234 mol/L [C6H5NH3+] = 2.8 x 10-5 mol/L [OH-]= 2.8 x 10-5 mol/LIf the Kb is 4.27 x 10-10, is the reaction at equilibrium? If not, which direction does it need to move (rightor left) to reach equilibrium? Explain. b. At equilibrium the concentrations of the ionized substances are:[C6H5NH2] = 0.0537 mol/L [C6H5NH3+] = 4.79 x 10-6 mol/L [OH-]= 4.79 x 10-6 mol/LIf this reaction is taking place in a 2.0L container, and 1.5 moles of phenylamine were added to thereaction, what will the new concentrations of the three ionic species be when…arrow_forward
- Chemistryarrow_forwardThe amount of tartaric acid is responsible for the tartness of wine and controls the acidity of the wine. Tartaric acid also plays a very significant role in the overall taste, feel and color of a wine. Tartaric acid is a diprotic organic acid The chemical formula for tartaric acid is C4H6O6 and its structural formula is HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H. A 50.00 mL sample of a white dinner wine required 21.48 mL of 0.03776 M NaOH to achieve a faint pink color. Express the acidity of the wine in terms of grams of tartaric acid, H2C4H4O6 (M. M. = 150.10) per 100 mL of wine. Assume that the two acidic hydrogens are titrated at the end point. MM H2C4H4O6 = 150.10 MM NaOH = 40.00 Below is the balanced chemical equation for this titration.arrow_forwardWrite all the resonance structures for the conjugate base of acetic acid (HC2H3O2).arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning