Chapter 4, Problem 4.33P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The instructions for diluting the $11.7M$ concentrated $\text{HCl}$ to make $3.0\text{ gallons}$ of $3.5M$$\text{HCl}$ for routine use are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Dilution is the process of converting a concentrated solution into a dilute solution by adding the solvent. In the resultant solution, the amount of solute remains fixed but the volume of the solution increases. The moles of solute before and after dilution remain fixed.

The expression to calculate the volume of the concentrated solution when molarity and volume of dilute solution and molarity of concentrated solution are given is as follows:

$V_{\text{conc}}=\frac{M_{\text{dil}}{V}_{\text{dil}}}{M_{\text{conc}}}$

Here,

$M_{\text{dil}}$ is the molarity of diluted solution.

$V_{\text{dil}}$ is the volume of diluted solution.

$M_{\text{conc}}$ is the molarity of concentrated solution.

$V_{\text{conc}}$ is the volume of concentrated solution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The milliliters of the muriatic acid solution $\left(\text{HCl}\right)$ that contains $9.66\text{ g}$ of $\text{HCl}$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molarity $\left(M\right)$ is one of the concentration terms that determine the number of moles of solute present in per liter of solution. Unit of molarity is $\text{mol/L}$.

The expression to calculate the volume of the solution when the amount of compound in moles and molarity of solution are given is as follows:

$\text{Volume of solution}\left(\text{L}\right)=\text{moles of solute}\left(\text{mol}\right)\left(\frac{\text{1}\text{L of solution}}{\text{molarity of solution}\left(\text{mol}\right)}\right)$

The expression to calculate the moles of solute when given mass and molecular mass of compound are given is as follows:

$\text{Moles of compound}\left(\text{mol}\right)=\left[\begin{array}{c}\text{given mass}\text{of compound}\left(\text{g}\right)\\ \left(\frac{\text{1mole}\text{of compound}\left(\text{mol}\right)}{\text{molecular mass of compound}\left(\text{g}\right)}\right)\end{array}\right]$