Chapter 4, Problem 4.145P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

$\text{Mass }\%$ of oleic acid in each sample is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molarity $\left(M\right)$ is one of the concentration terms that determine the number of moles of solute present in per litre of solution. Unit of molarity is $\text{mol}/\text{L}$.

The expression to calculate the amount of compound in moles when molarity of solution and volume of solution is given is as follows:

  $\text{Moles of solute}=\left(\text{volume of solution}\right)\left(\text{molarity of solution}\right)$        (1)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the variation in acidity is a random or systematic error is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Precision is defined as the closeness of two measurements with each other. Accuracy refers to the closeness of the measured values to the standard or known value. Some errors also occur in the calculation of the measured quantities.

The two types of errors are as follows:

1. Systematic error: This error is a part of the experimental setup or faulty devices.

2. Random error: This error occurs always and is due to instruments’ precision.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

The actual acidity is to be identified and the way it is identified is to be demonstrated.

Concept introduction:

Strong acids and strong bases are the substance that dissociates completely into its ions when dissolved in the solution. They dissociate completely in water to release ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions.

Weak acids and weak bases are the substance that does not dissociate completely into its ions when dissolved in the solution. They dissociate partially in water to release ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions.