General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (3rd Edition)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134042428
Author: Laura D. Frost, S. Todd Deal
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.1PP
Summary Introduction

To determine:

The difference between a Lewis structure and a condensed structure in terms of atoms and bonds is shown in the structure.

Introduction:

The molecules of organic compounds are represented by four different ways namely, Lewis structure, skeletal formula, condensed structural formula, and ball-and-stick model.

Lewis structures show all atoms, bonds, and lone pairs of atoms in the molecule. It helps in predicting the molecular geometry and shows the connectivity of atoms in a molecule whereas, condensed structural formula is simpler as it does not show any bonds or lone pairs of atoms and shows no connectivity of atoms in a molecule.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

The example of butanol molecule is to be assumed.

The Lewis structure of butanol molecule is represented as,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (3rd Edition), Chapter 4, Problem 4.1PP

Fig.1

The number of bonds of each atom depends on the valence electrons of atoms in a molecule.

Figure 1 shows the Lewis structure in which carbon has 4 valence electrons so that it forms four bonds with other atoms, and hydrogen has one valence electron so that it forms one bond with another atom. The number of valence electrons of oxygen is six. In Figure 1, two electrons of oxygen form bonds with two atoms and the remaining four electrons are present as lone pairs.

Condensed structure shows the shorter way to draw a molecule and is more simplified than the Lewis structure. It shows all atoms except the vertical bonds and most or all the horizontal bonds.

The condensed structure of butanol molecule is represented as,

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

In this formula, first carbon atom has three hydrogen atoms bonded to it; the second, third, and fourth carbon has two hydrogen atoms. The two lone pair on oxygen atoms are not shown as in condensed structure of atoms. Lone pair is not represented in the chemical symbol of atom.

Conclusion

Lewis structure is the most expanded structure as it shows all atoms, bonds, and lone pairs of atoms in a molecule whereas, condensed structure is the least expanded as it does not show all the bonds and lone pairs of atoms. Condensed structure is simpler than the Lewis structure.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (3rd Edition)

Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11PPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12PPCh. 4 - Write the condensed structure for the...Ch. 4 - Write the condensed structure for the...Ch. 4 - Write the skeletal structure for the alkane shown:...Ch. 4 - Write the skeletal structure for the alkane shown:...Ch. 4 - Identify the family of hydrocarbon present in the...Ch. 4 - Identify the family of hydrocarbon present in the...Ch. 4 - Identify all the functional groups present in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.20PPCh. 4 - The most prevalent fatty acid in coconut oil is...Ch. 4 - The most common fatty acid found in animals is...Ch. 4 - Draw the condensed structural formula for each of...Ch. 4 - Give the correct name for each of the following...Ch. 4 - Draw the skeletal structure for each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.26PPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29PPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.30PPCh. 4 - Determine the relationship between each of the...Ch. 4 - Determine the relationship between each of the...Ch. 4 - Determine if each of the following cycloalkanes or...Ch. 4 - Determine it each of the following cycloalkanes or...Ch. 4 - Mark the chiral centers in the following...Ch. 4 - Mark the chiral centers in the following...Ch. 4 - Convert each of the Lewis structures shown into a...Ch. 4 - Convert each of the Lewis structures in Problem...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.39APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40APCh. 4 - Convert the skeletal structures shown to condensed...Ch. 4 - Convert the skeletal structures shown to condensed...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.43APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44APCh. 4 - Alkanes are also referred to as saturated...Ch. 4 - Are alkanes considered polar or nonpolar...Ch. 4 - Give the skeletal structure and name of the...Ch. 4 - Give the skeletal structure and name of the...Ch. 4 - Name the following straight-chain alkanes or...Ch. 4 - Name the following straight-chain alkanes or...Ch. 4 - Explain the structural difference between a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.52APCh. 4 - Identify all of the functional groups in each of...Ch. 4 - Identify all of the functional groups in each of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.55APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.56APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57APCh. 4 - Draw skeletal structures for each of the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.59APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.60APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.61APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.62APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.63APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.64APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.65APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.66APCh. 4 - How many structural isomers are possible for the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.68APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.70APCh. 4 - For each of the following compounds, indicate...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.72APCh. 4 - Determine whether each of the following is the cis...Ch. 4 - Determine whether each of the following is the cis...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.75APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.76APCh. 4 - Mark the chiral centers in the following...Ch. 4 - Mark the chiral centers in the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80APCh. 4 - Prob. 4.81CPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.82CPCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.1QCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.2QCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.3QCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.4QCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.5QCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.6QCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.7QCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.8QCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.9QCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.10QCh. 4 - Prob. 1IA.11QCh. 4 - Prob. 2IA.1QCh. 4 - Prob. 2IA.2QCh. 4 - Prob. 2IA.3QCh. 4 - Prob. 2IA.4QCh. 4 - Prob. 2IA.5QCh. 4 - What is the molecular shape (geometry) of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2IA.7QCh. 4 - Prob. 1ICCh. 4 - Prob. 2ICCh. 4 - Prob. 3ICCh. 4 - Prob. 4IC
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