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Flower color in snapdragons results from the amount of the pigment anthocyanin in the petals. Red flowers are produced by plants that have full anthocyanin production, and ivory-colored flowers are produced by plants that lack the ability to produce anthocyanin. The allele
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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
- A type of flower called the Rhododendron has a CW allele that leads to red flower color and a CW allele that leads to white flower color. Rhododendrons with the heterozygous genotype CWCW have flowers with red and white patches. Another gene controls leaf shape, with the dominant allele R leading to oval leaves and the recessive allele r leading to rounded, shorter leaves. If you cross two Rhododendrons that are heterozygous for flower color and leaf shape: a) What ratio/fraction of offspring would you expect to have red flowers and oval leaves? b) What ratio/fraction of offspring would you expect to have white flowers and rounded leaves? c) What ratio/fraction of offspring would you expect to have red-and-white flowers and oval leaves?arrow_forwardKernel color in wheat Red kernel color in wheat results from the interaction between two dominant alleles. With only one dominant allele, the phenotype is brown while in the absence of any dominant allele, the phenotype is white. Suppose that plants of a variety that is true breeding for red kernels are crossed with plants true breeding for white kernels. What specific type of interaction can be observed? A. duplicate dominant genes B. duplicate genes with cumulative effects C. complementary genes D. dominant epistasis (case 2)arrow_forwardA man suffered from rare a skin condition that included thickening of the skin and the formation of loose spines that were periodically sloughed off. He was called by the locals as “porcupine man”. He married and had six sons, all of whom had the same condition. He also had three daughters, all of whom were unaffected. What might you theorize about the location of the abnormal gene? In maize, a dominant allele A is necessary for seed color, as opposed to colorless (a). Another gene has a recessive allele wx that results in waxy starch, as opposed to normal starch (Wx). The two genes segregate independently. An Aa WxWx plant is test crossed. What are the phenotypes and relative frequencies of offspring? (show the workflow to reach your answers) all sub-questions carries equal grades): Consider three gene pairs Aa, Bb, and Cc, each of which affects a different character. In each case, the uppercase letter signifies the dominant allele and the lowercase letter the recessive allele.…arrow_forward
- Sunflowers with flowers 10 cm in diameter are crossed with a plant that has 20-cm flowers. The F1 plants have flowers 15 cm in diameter. In the F2 generation, 4 flowers are 10 cm in diameter and 4 are 20 cm in diameter. Between these are 5 phenotypic classes with diameters intermediate to those at the extremes. a. Assuming that the alleles that contribute to flower diameter act additively, how many genes control flower size in this strain of sunflowers? b. How much does each additive allele contribute to flower diameter? c. What size flower makes up the largest phenotypic class?arrow_forwardMore Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Consider the following cross: P1: AABBCCDDEE aabbccddee F1: AaBbCcDdEe (self-cross to get F2) What is the chance of getting an AaBBccDdee individual in the F2 generation?arrow_forwardThe text outlines some of the problems Frederick William I encountered in his attempt to breed tall Potsdam Guards. a. Why were the results he obtained so different from those obtained by Mendel with short and tall pea plants? b. Why were most of the children shorter than their tall parents?arrow_forward
- Figure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares would you need to complete a Punnett square analysis of this cross?arrow_forwardA collection of all the alleles of all the genes of a crop plant are called?arrow_forwardA heterozygous plant with genotype Aa self-pollinates. Find the probability that an offspring is tall for the following genetic systems. Only plants that have two A alleles are tall (the allele A is recessive).arrow_forward
- Spoink is a Pokemon character with a spring tail. It must bounce continuously or it will die. Imagine that the spring in the tail is controlled by a single gene with two alleles T and t. Individuals with the genotype TT have very stiff tails that take a lot of energy to bounce, Tt have just the right amount of spring, and those with tt tails have very floppy tails that deform after long periods of bouncing, making it very difficult to continue bouncing. The genotype frequency in this population is: TT=25% Tt=70% tt=5% Part A: The frequency of the t allele in the population is ___%. The expected frequency of the Tt genotype in the population is ___%. Part B: Is the population of Spoink in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? A. Yes B. No Rationale? Part C: What type of selection, if at all, might be operating on Spoink tails springy-ness? A. Stabilizing Selection B. Balancing Selection C. Directional Selection D. Disruptive Selection E. No selection is occurring; population is in…arrow_forwardTallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in pea plants. Draw a punnett square cross between a heterozygous tall and a heterozygous tall plant. The Phenotype ratio is Tall: Short The Genotype ratio is TT: Tt: tt Blank 1: T Blank 2: t Blank 3: T Blank 4: TT Blank 5: Tt Blank 6: t Blank 7: Blank 8: Blank 9: Blank 10: Blank 11: Blank 12: Blank 13:arrow_forwardYou have been tasked by a pharmaceutical company to generate a novel strain of Cannabis sativa for therapeutic purposes. Consider a Cannabis strain with three genes (called gene 1, gene 2 and gene 3) that are on different chromosomes and assort independently. Each gene has two alleles, described below: The T allele for gene 1 is dominant and associated with the trait of producing a large amounts of terpenes, and the t allele is recessive and associated with the trait of producing a low amount of terpenes The S allele for gene 2 is dominant and associated with the trait of fast growth, and the s allele is associated with the trait of slow growth The F allele for gene 3 is associated with the trait of producing large flowers, and the f allele is associated with the trait of producing small flowers Assume that an individual plant that is heterozygous for genes 1 and 2, but homozygous ff for gene 3 self-fertilizes. What is the probability of getting a plant that produces a large amount…arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningConcepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College