Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 37.2, Problem 1CSC
If phagocytes kill most species of bacteria that enter mucous membranes or a wound, how did infection kill Jim Henson and destroy Aimee Copeland’s tissues? Both S pyogenes and deadly strains of A. hydrophila are surrounded by polysaccharide capsules that phagocytic cells often do not recognize as foreign. Consequently, the phagocytes do not attack these bacteria. If such nonspecific defenses fail, can the adaptive immune response step in?
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The classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses?
C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure.
Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure.
C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface.
C1q directly induces inflammation, recruiting phagocytes and antibodies from the blood into the infected tissue.
C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.
What is a cytokine?
A
) a. a chemical mediator (stimulus) of inflammation that is released by cells in response to tissue or cell damage
O b. an antimicrobial substance made by neutrophils
O c. a repair stimulator produced by Eosinophils during an allergic reaction
O d. cellular (cyto-) substance that mediates noisy arguments between macrophages and lymphocytes
And that I put A
Cardiac disease is considered a(n)
O a. acute, 3
O b. acute, 10
1 c. chronic, 3
O d. chronic, 10
Oe, acutely chronic, 114
And that I put Chronic 3
Are the 3 questions correct?
Phagocytes have been described as “bloodhounds” searching for a “scent” as they brows through the tissues of the body. The scent they usually seek is chemotactic factor, a peptide released by bacterial cells. Does it strike you as unusual that bacterial cells would release a substance to attract the “bloodhound” that will eventually lead to the bacterial cell’s demise? Explain.
Chapter 37 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 37.1 - compare and contrast the terms microbe and...Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.2 - If phagocytes kill most species of bacteria that...Ch. 37.2 - describe the external barriers to Infection,...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 37.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.4 - Prob. 2CYL
Ch. 37.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 37.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.6 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.6 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.7 - explain how antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and...Ch. 37.7 - Prob. 1ETCh. 37.7 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 37.7 - Prob. 1TCCh. 37.7 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 37.8 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.8 - What might be the evolutionary advantage of...Ch. 37.9 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 37.9 - Prob. 1CTCh. 37.9 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 37.9 - describe current medical treatments against...Ch. 37 - Why is it essential that antibodies and T-cell...Ch. 37 - External defenses against microbial invasion...Ch. 37 - Prob. 1MCCh. 37 - Prob. 1RQCh. 37 - Prob. 2ACCh. 37 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 37 - Prob. 2MCCh. 37 - Prob. 2RQCh. 37 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 37 - Molecules that label your cells as self are a....Ch. 37 - Describe humoral immunity and cell-mediated...Ch. 37 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 37 - Prob. 4MCCh. 37 - Prob. 4RQCh. 37 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 37 - The immune system usually does not attack your...Ch. 37 - Prob. 5RQCh. 37 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 37 - Prob. 6RQCh. 37 - What are memory cells? How do they contribute to...Ch. 37 - Prob. 8RQCh. 37 - Prob. 9RQCh. 37 - Prob. 10RQCh. 37 - Prob. 11RQ
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