Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 37, Problem 9TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that is responsible for suppressing growth. This is brought about by changing the gene expression and inhibiting growth. It is also involved in presenting a response toward environmental stresses. These stresses include drought, cold, soil salinity, and others. The response presented by ABA is a part of evolutionary adaptation.
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What type of signal transduction is involved in signaling from hormones such as estrogen and testosterone? Explain the signal transduction pathway that occurs.
1. Is there a short term description for signal transduction, instead wrting multiple words to descripte the type of signal transduction? Can I just identify it as active signal transduction and inactive signal transduction. Based on my understanding, active singal transduction is for the fast react transdcution, while inactive signal transduction meanly refers the hormonal affacts on the system.
2. For Ion channels, specific enzymes are both involed activated and inactivated signal transduction?
Researchers have found that a certain signal transduction pathway, illustrated in the figure
below, may be responsible for the development of cancer in pancreatic cells. In normal
pancreatic cells, where the pathway remains inactive, a membrane-bound receptor called
Ptc inhibits a downstream protein known as Smo. The inhibition of Smo blocks the activa-
tion of a complex of proteins known as the HSC, which results in the cleaving of one of its
proteins called Ci. The cleaving of Ci, in turn, prevents the pathway from initiating the syn-
thesis of division-facilitating enzymes.
A
Ptc
B
Smo
с
inhibition
D
A model of a Ptc signal transduction pathway under normal conditions.
HSC
Ci cleavage
A certain protein called the Hedgehog protein (Hh) is found to activate this signal transduction pathway and
trigger uninterruptable cell division.
cell division not initiated
Which of the following describes the most plausible mechanism by which Hh triggers uninterruptable cell
division?
Hh binds to…
The diagram below shows a closeup of regulatory proteins binding to one of the UASG elements near the GAL7, GALI0, and GALI
genes, which code for the protein products needed for yeast to use the sugar galactose. The red triangle symbolizes an "effector"
molecule that binds to Gal80p. In this hypothesis (which has since been shown to be incorrect), what could be happening to Gal80p
when it is bound to the effector molecule that causes it to change its position and uncover the Gal4p transcriptional activation domain.
Hint: think about what effector molecules do upon binding to proteins such as the the Lac repressor protein or the CAP protein.
Galactose absent, glucose absent
Gal80p.
_Activation domain
Gal4p
dimer
-Binding domain
UASG
Galactose present, glucose absent
Activation domain
Gal80p-
Binding domain
UASG
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Chapter 37 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 37.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 37.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 37.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 37.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 37.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 37.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 37.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 37.4 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 37.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 37 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37 - Which is the correct pairing of a plant hormone...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 37 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 37 - Prob. 3ITD
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- In response to a hormone secreted by a cell of the opposite mating type, a yeast cell undergoes a complex series of physiological changes involving the activity of about 200 genes and cytoplasmic proteins. They include blockingDNA synthesis, growing toward the mating partner, fusion of the plasma membranes of the two cells, and fusion of their nuclear membranes. Explain how all these events can be controlled through a complex signaling cascade that is triggered by the binding of the hormone to a G protein–linkedreceptor.arrow_forwardWhen epidermal growth factor (EGF)—the ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)—binds EGFR on the cell surface, the intracellular domain of the receptor changes shape into an "active state.” The receptor then induces a cascade of kinases in the cytoplasm, resulting in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). One effect of EGFR signaling is the stimulation of cell proliferation. Overactive EGFR is frequently found in cancer cells. One strategy for developing anticancer drugs is to target the overactive signaling proteins found in cancer cells. Antibodies are proteins made by immune cells that only recognize specific biomolecules, called antigens. The major component of an anticancer drug is an antibody that specifically recognizes and binds EGFR. Which of the following will most likely happen when this anticancer drug is applied to a tumor that has a high level of EGFR? Tumor cells with active EGFR will increase and MAPK activity in the tumor will…arrow_forwardFill in the gap Although signal transduction pathways are modeled mostly by ----------, there are some underlying difficulties in the modeling. Therefore, it is necessary to develop -------- to capture the details of signaling pathways by exploiting high-throughput ------------arrow_forward
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