Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 37, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Irrigation is the supply of controlled amounts of water to plants at required intervals. The growth and development of water is affected by the scarcity of water, similarly excess supply of water also has an adverse effects on plants.
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Some of the problems associated with intensive irrigationinclude all of the following except(A) soil salinization.(B) overfertilization.(C) land subsidence.(D) aquifer depletion.
What process adds water until the water table rises and envelops the deep roots of plants, resulting in a loss of productivity and ultimately killing them?
Options
A.) Salinization
B.) Desertification
C.) Soil crosion
D.) Overgrazing
E.) Waterlogging
Fertile soil is one of the keys to good yield.
(i)
Explain the roles of clay and organic matter in contributing to soil fertility and cation
exchange capacity (CEC).
(ii)
Name ONE (1) negative effect of low CEC and high CEC soils respectively. Suggest
ways to improve low CEC and high CEC soils.
(iii)
Suggest ONE (1) suitable type of crops for high CEC soil, low CEC soil and loam soil
respectively.
Chapter 37 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 37.1 - Explain how the phrase "too much of a good thing"...Ch. 37.1 - Some lawn mowers collect clippings. What is a...Ch. 37.1 - WHAT IF? How would adding clay to loamy soil...Ch. 37.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Note three ways the properties...Ch. 37.2 - Are some essential elements more important than...Ch. 37.2 - WHAT IF? If an element increases the growth rate...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.3 - How do soil bacteria and mycorrhizae contribute to...Ch. 37.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS What is a general term that is...
Ch. 37.3 - WHAT IF? A peanut farmer finds that the older...Ch. 37 - How is soil a complex ecosystem?Ch. 37 - Do plants need soil to grow? Explain.Ch. 37 - Prob. 37.3CRCh. 37 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. The inorganic...Ch. 37 - Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 37 - A mineral deficiency is likely to affect older...Ch. 37 - The greatest difference in health between two...Ch. 37 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 37 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Acid precipitation has an...Ch. 37 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY In many...Ch. 37 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 15TYU
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- Which problem does the prolonged liberal irrigation of agricultural fields create?arrow_forwardWhy are total soil concentrations poor indicators of the amounts of ions that may bioaccumulate (enter the food chain)?arrow_forwardIt is June in Fresno and the officials at the water district have just reduced your irrigation ration by 26%. In the field, you determine that the water potential in your soil is -1.68 MPa while the water potential of your crop is -1.62 MPa. Question A. Is your crop able to take up water from the soil? Explain. Question B. It is now late August and your soil water potential is -2.10 MPa, fortunately, you have been granted one magic wish in altering the physiology of your crop to increase its ability to take up water, however, you must choose from one of the options below. Fill in the values denoted by the ? as needed, and select the option that will cause the greatest water uptake by your crop. Option Vs (MPa) Vp (MPa) Vw (MPa) -1.90 0.00 -2.59 +0.13 -2.4 -2.09 -2.05 -2.28 +0.17 4.arrow_forward
- In some circumstances, grasses that initially lose tissues from being consumed by animals such as elk or cattle regrow more than they would have otherwise, and benefit from the moderate levels of grazing. Which of the following terms would best describe such a plant-herbivore interaction?a) Commensalismb) Mutualismc) Predationd) Parasitismarrow_forwardThe practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Which of the following is not an abiotic factor that affects plants being used in crop rotation? a) NH3 availability b) Soil temperature c) Herbivore density d) Oxygen concentrationarrow_forwardThe practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Why would nitrogen-fixing plants be plowed under instead of harvested? a) To increases usable nitrogen in the soil. b) To increase water retention. c) Nitrogen-fixing plants are not a food crop. d) To decrease bacteria in the soil.arrow_forward
- Drought is the main constraint for agriculture sector. What is the major consequence of water insufficiency in plant? *arrow_forwardNutrient cycling in aquatic vs terrestrial systems differ because: a) Aquatic systems store lower proportions of carbon and nutrients in detritus than terrestrial systems b) Water flow alters how nutrients move within streams, which affects nutrient retentiveness c) both d) neitherarrow_forwardWhich of the following agricultural practices can increase water pollution? a) Manual cultivating b) Farm machinery c) Pesticide use d) GMO cropsarrow_forward
- What are three ways in which human mismanagement can cause soil damage?arrow_forwardOne of the lessons from a pyramid of production is that _____. A) eating grain-fed beef is an inefficient means of obtaining the energy trapped by photosynthesis B) the energy lost as heat or lost in cellular respiration is 10% of the available energy of each trophic level C) only one-half of the energy in one trophic level is passed on to the next level D) most of the energy from one trophic level is incorporated into the biomass of the next level E) production efficiency is highest for primary consumersarrow_forward1.) Describe a food chain that has at least four different trophic levels. Label the tropic level (Producer, Primary consumer, Secondary Consumer, or Tertiary Consumer), whether the organism is a(n) autotroph or heterotroph, and provide an example of an organism at each tropic level. 2.)Name two biological processes involved in rapid carbon exchange: 3.)Name two geologic processes involved in long-term carbon exchange:arrow_forward
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