BIOLOGY 2E
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781506699851
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Textbook Question
Chapter 36, Problem 13RQ
Salty foods activate the taste cells by.
- exciting the taste cell directly
- causing hydrogen ions to enter the cell
- causing sodium channels to close
- binding directly to the receptors
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Students have asked these similar questions
In a taste bud, which cell produces a receptor potential?
Taste hairs
Sensory nerve fibers
Supporting cells
Basal cells
Gustatory cells
Taste cells form chemical synapses with afferent neurites that make up the gustatory
cranial nerve. For signals to pass onto the afferents, what critical step must take
place?
Opening of Ca++ channels
Opening of K+ channels
Opening of Na+ channels
Generation of an action potential
Which of these statements about taste is true?
All bitter-tasting compounds have a similar chemical structure
Sourness is detected when hydrogen ions bind to membrane receptors
Sodium ions from foods can directly depolarize certain taste cells
Sweetness is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in food
Chapter 36 Solutions
BIOLOGY 2E
Ch. 36 - Figure 36.5 Which of the following statements...Ch. 36 - Figure 36.14 Cochlear implants can restore hearing...Ch. 36 - Figure 36.18 Which of the following statements...Ch. 36 - Where does perception occur? spinal cord cerebral...Ch. 36 - If a person’s cold receptors no longer convert...Ch. 36 - After somatosensory transduction, the sensory...Ch. 36 - Many people experience motion sickness while...Ch. 36 - ________ are found only in skin, and detect skin...Ch. 36 - If you were to burn your epidermis, what receptor...Ch. 36 - Many diabetic patients are warned by their doctors...
Ch. 36 - Which of the following has the fewest taste...Ch. 36 - How many different taste molecules do taste cells...Ch. 36 - Salty foods activate the taste cells by. exciting...Ch. 36 - All sensory signals except_____travel to The...Ch. 36 - How is the ability to recognize the umami taste an...Ch. 36 - In sound, pitch is measured in____T and ____...Ch. 36 - Auditory hair cells are indirectly anchored to the...Ch. 36 - Which of the following are found both in the...Ch. 36 - Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is a disorder...Ch. 36 - Why do people over 55 often need reading glasses?...Ch. 36 - Why is it easier to see images at night using...Ch. 36 - A person catching a ball must coordinate her head...Ch. 36 - A satellite is launched into space, but explodes...Ch. 36 - If a person sustains damage to axons leading from...Ch. 36 - In what way does the overall magnitude of a...Ch. 36 - Describe the difference in the localization of the...Ch. 36 - What can be inferred about the relative sizes of...Ch. 36 - Many studies have demonstrated that women are able...Ch. 36 - From the perspective of the recipient of the...Ch. 36 - What might be the effect on an animal of not being...Ch. 36 - A few recent cancer detection studies have used...Ch. 36 - How would a rise in altitude likely affect the...Ch. 36 - How might being in a place with less gravity than...Ch. 36 - How does the structure of the ear allow a person...Ch. 36 - How could the pineal gland, the brain structure...Ch. 36 - How is the relationship between photoreceptors and...Ch. 36 - Cataracts, the medical condition where the lens of...
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- Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second), The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue). a 50-year-old carpenter (red), arid a 50-year-ofd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 1. Which sound frequency was most easily detected by all three people?arrow_forwardOccupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-otd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 2. How loud did a 1,000-hertz sound have to be for the 50-year-old carpenter to detect it?arrow_forwardOccupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-otd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 3. Which of the three people had the best hearing in the range of 4,000 to 6,000 hertz? Which had the worst?arrow_forward
- Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-otd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 4. Based on these data, would you conclude that the hearing decline in the 50-year-old carpenter was caused by age or by job-related noise exposure?arrow_forwardFigure 36.18 Which of the following statements about the human eye is false? Rods detect color, while cones detect only shades of gray. When light enters the retina, it passes the ganglion cells and bipolar cells before reaching photoreceptors at the rear of the eye. The iris adjusts the amount of light coming into the eye. The cornea is a protective layer on the front of the eye.arrow_forwardYour visual field is ______________. a. a specific, small area of the retina b. what you actually see c. the area where color vision occurs d. where the optic nerve startsarrow_forward
- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/DanielleReed) to learn about Dr. Danielle Reed of the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, PA, who became interested in science at an early age because of her sensory experiences. She recognized that her sense of taste was unique compared with other people she knew. Now, she studies the genetic differences between people and their sensitivities to taste stimuli. In the video, there is a brief image of a person sticking out their tongue, which has been covered with a colored dye. This is how Dr. Reed is able to visualize and count papillae on the surface of the tongue. People fall into two large groups known as tasters and non-tasters on the basis of the density of papillae on their tongue, which also indicates the number of taste buds. Non-tasters can taste food, but they are not as sensitive to certain tastes, such as bitterness. Dr. Reed discovered that she is a non-taster, which explains why she perceived bitterness differently than other people she knew. Are you very sensitive to tastes? Can you see any similarities among the members of your family?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of the process of transduction? Taste acceptance and rejection are processed in the hindbrain, while emotional reactions to taste are processed in forebrain. Different qualities of taste (sweet, salt, sour, bitter) activate different receptor cells in the taste buds. O A photon of light strikes a photopigment in a rod cell, changing the photopigment, which causes the close of ion channels, which reduces the rod's output of neurotransmitter. Molecules of alcohol evaporate from the surface of a liquid and get into your nasal passages.arrow_forwardTaste receptors in the toungue are ipsilateral to the side of the gustatory cortex on which their input is processed. True Falsearrow_forward
- The lens tends to harden with age. This would make it difficult to focus on nearby objects make it harder for light to reach the photoreceptor cells increase the pressure on the retina causing blindnessarrow_forwardThe receptors for olfaction are cilia You are incorrect membrane of the olfactory cribriform plate You are correct bulbs You are correct olfactory You are incorrect cilia into the nasal cavity, where chemicals dissolved in mucus bond to proteins in the plasma You are correct of the ethmoid X neurons that project a You are correct . The axons of the receptors project through the bone to the olfactory which contain the second order neurons of the olfactory pathway.arrow_forwardThe taste of salt is detected by passage of sodium ions through open channels causing the release of neurotransmitters and signalling craniofacial sensory afferent fibers. This taste modality is best described as lonotropic Diatropic Isotropic Metabotropicarrow_forward
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