Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 34, Problem 3Q
Summary Introduction
To review:
The relation between the figure of the observations as shown and the table drawn by the researchers.
Given:
The oocytes of the frog Xenopus laevis were taken by the researchers and injected with the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of plant tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP). The oocytes of the frog are known to have a larger size and a low osmotic cell permeability. The mRNA of a nontransport protein is also taken by the researchers and injected into the oocytes. Some of the oocytes were kept uninjected by them. These cells were observed after incubating them for 2 days in isotonic medium and then giving treatment with hypotonic solution. The following graph was made by plotting changes in relative volume on the y-axis and time on x-axis:
It was also observed that the oocytes, which had TIP mRNA, burst after sometime while the oocytes, which were injected with a different nontransport protein, and the oocytes which were kept uninjected do not burst. The following table depicts the osmotic water permeability of the three conditions as calculated by the researchers:
Introduction:
TIP is a transport protein present in the tonoplast of the plant cell. It helps in transportation just like the other aquaporins. Osmotic permeability of a membrane is its capability to transport water according to the concentration gradient. The higher the osmotic permeability, more will be the transport of water across the membrane.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 34 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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