Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 34, Problem 2DAA
Sperm Counts Down on the Farm Contamination of water by agricultural chemicals affects reproductive function in some animals. Are there effects on humans? Epidemiologist Shanna Swan and her colleagues studied sperm from men in four cities in the United States (FIGURE 34. 22). The men were partners of women who had become pregnant and were visiting a prenatal clinic, so all were fertile. Of the four cities, Columbia, Missouri, is located in the county with the most farmlands. New York City in New York is in an area with no agriculture.
| Location of Clinic | ||||
| Columbia, Missouri | Los Angeles, California | Minneapolis, Minnesota | New York, New York | |
| Average age | 30.7 | 29.8 | 32.2 | 36.1 |
| Percent nonsmokers | 79.5 | 70.5 | 85.8 | 81.6 |
| Percent with history of STD | 11.4 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 15.8 |
| Sperm count (million/ml) | 58.7 | 80.8 | 98.6 | 102.9 |
| Percent motile sperm | 48.2 | 54.5 | 52.1 | 56.4 |
FIGURE 34.22 Characteristics men h four cities. All men were partners of woman who visited prenatal health clinics, and so were presumably fertile. STD stands for sexually transmitted disease.
2. In which cities did samples show the highest and lowest sperm motility (ability to move)?
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Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 34 - Prob. 1DAACh. 34 - Sperm Counts Down on the Farm Contamination of...Ch. 34 - Sperm Counts Down on the Farm Contamination of...Ch. 34 - Sperm Counts Down on the Farm Contamination of...Ch. 34 - __________are signaling molecules that travel...Ch. 34 - A __________ is synthesized from amino acids and...Ch. 34 - Match each pituitary hormone with its target....Ch. 34 - Releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus...Ch. 34 - In adults, too much __________ can cause...Ch. 34 - Function of the __________ declines after puberty....
Ch. 34 - Low blood calcium triggers secretion by ________....Ch. 34 - _______ lowers blood sugar levels; ________ raises...Ch. 34 - Prob. 9SQCh. 34 - Secretion of _______ suppresses immune responses....Ch. 34 - Exposure to bright light lowers blood _________...Ch. 34 - Prob. 12SQCh. 34 - True or false? Only women make...Ch. 34 - Prob. 14SQCh. 34 - Prob. 15SQCh. 34 - Women who have been blind since birth almost never...Ch. 34 - A diabetic who injects too much insulin can lose...
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- Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?arrow_forwardSperm Counts Down on the Farm Contamination of water by agricultural chemicals affects reproductive function in some animals. Are there effects on humans? Epidemiologist Shanna Swan and her colleagues studied sperm from men in four cities in the United States (FIGURE 34. 22). The men were partners of women who had become pregnant and were visiting a prenatal clinic, so all were fertile. Of the four cities, Columbia, Missouri, is located in the county with the most farmlands. New York City in New York is in an area with no agriculture. Location of Clinic Columbia, Missouri Los Angeles, California Minneapolis, Minnesota New York, New York Average age 30.7 29.8 32.2 36.1 Percent nonsmokers 79.5 70.5 85.8 81.6 Percent with history of STD 11.4 12.9 13.6 15.8 Sperm count (million/ml) 58.7 80.8 98.6 102.9 Percent motile sperm 48.2 54.5 52.1 56.4 FIGURE 34.22 Characteristics men h four cities. All men were partners of woman who visited prenatal health clinics, and so were presumably fertile. STD stands for sexually transmitted disease. Aging, smoking, and sexually transmitted diseases adversely affect sperm. Could differences in any of these variables explain the regional differences in sperm count?arrow_forwardSperm Counts Down on the Farm Contamination of water by agricultural chemicals affects reproductive function in some animals. Are there effects on humans? Epidemiologist Shanna Swan and her colleagues studied sperm from men in four cities in the United States (FIGURE 34. 22). The men were partners of women who had become pregnant and were visiting a prenatal clinic, so all were fertile. Of the four cities, Columbia, Missouri, is located in the county with the most farmlands. New York City in New York is in an area with no agriculture. Location of Clinic Columbia, Missouri Los Angeles, California Minneapolis, Minnesota New York, New York Average age 30.7 29.8 32.2 36.1 Percent nonsmokers 79.5 70.5 85.8 81.6 Percent with history of STD 11.4 12.9 13.6 15.8 Sperm count (million/ml) 58.7 80.8 98.6 102.9 Percent motile sperm 48.2 54.5 52.1 56.4 FIGURE 34.22 Characteristics men h four cities. All men were partners of woman who visited prenatal health clinics, and so were presumably fertile. STD stands for sexually transmitted disease. 4. Do these data support the hypothesis that living near farmlands can adversely affect male reproductive function?arrow_forward
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