Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 34, Problem 2DAA
Sperm Counts Down on the Farm Contamination of water by agricultural chemicals affects reproductive function in some animals. Are there effects on humans? Epidemiologist Shanna Swan and her colleagues studied sperm from men in four cities in the United States (FIGURE 34. 22). The men were partners of women who had become pregnant and were visiting a prenatal clinic, so all were fertile. Of the four cities, Columbia, Missouri, is located in the county with the most farmlands. New York City in New York is in an area with no agriculture.
| Location of Clinic | ||||
| Columbia, Missouri | Los Angeles, California | Minneapolis, Minnesota | New York, New York | |
| Average age | 30.7 | 29.8 | 32.2 | 36.1 |
| Percent nonsmokers | 79.5 | 70.5 | 85.8 | 81.6 |
| Percent with history of STD | 11.4 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 15.8 |
| Sperm count (million/ml) | 58.7 | 80.8 | 98.6 | 102.9 |
| Percent motile sperm | 48.2 | 54.5 | 52.1 | 56.4 |
FIGURE 34.22 Characteristics men h four cities. All men were partners of woman who visited prenatal health clinics, and so were presumably fertile. STD stands for sexually transmitted disease.
2. In which cities did samples show the highest and lowest sperm motility (ability to move)?
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 34 - Prob. 1DAACh. 34 - Sperm Counts Down on the Farm Contamination of...Ch. 34 - Sperm Counts Down on the Farm Contamination of...Ch. 34 - Sperm Counts Down on the Farm Contamination of...Ch. 34 - __________are signaling molecules that travel...Ch. 34 - A __________ is synthesized from amino acids and...Ch. 34 - Match each pituitary hormone with its target....Ch. 34 - Releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus...Ch. 34 - In adults, too much __________ can cause...Ch. 34 - Function of the __________ declines after puberty....
Ch. 34 - Low blood calcium triggers secretion by ________....Ch. 34 - _______ lowers blood sugar levels; ________ raises...Ch. 34 - Prob. 9SQCh. 34 - Secretion of _______ suppresses immune responses....Ch. 34 - Exposure to bright light lowers blood _________...Ch. 34 - Prob. 12SQCh. 34 - True or false? Only women make...Ch. 34 - Prob. 14SQCh. 34 - Prob. 15SQCh. 34 - Women who have been blind since birth almost never...Ch. 34 - A diabetic who injects too much insulin can lose...
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