Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 34, Problem 1RQ
Describe how fish gills work, including the basic concept of countercurrent exchange. Why is this process important to allow fish to extract oxygen from water?
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Describe two features of the gills of aquatic animals thatfavor diffusion of O2 and CO2.
1. Gas exchange in terrestrial versus aquatic environments follows similar physical laws but there are also important differences. Using Fick's law, identify the MAIN factor that is different between these two environments?
a) Everything is different in water
b) Barrier thickness
c) Diffusion coefficient
d) Diffusion rate
2. Gills are used by most aquatic invertebrates for gas exchange. What are some of the characteristics they have that make them and ideal gas exchange organ? Select all that apply.
a) They are highly folded (increasing surface area)
b) They are never used in hypoxic environments (increasing concentration gradient)
c) They are only possessed by small organisms (decreasing length)
d) They are thin-walled (decreasing barrier thickness).
Which component of blood is likely to transport most of the oxygenin an icefish?
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 34.1 - explain how organismal respiration supports...Ch. 34.1 - describe the adaptations of respiratory surfaces...Ch. 34.1 - explain why bulk flow is required for respiration?Ch. 34.2 - explain the four stages of gas exchange in animals...Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 34.2 - How does the insect tracheal system compensate for...Ch. 34.2 - explain the respiratory adaptations of fish?Ch. 34.2 - How do the respiratory adaptations of amphibians...Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.2 - Prob. 3TC
Ch. 34.3 - If you have sleep apnea, you never get a good...Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1ETCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 34.3 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 34.3 - explain the mechanics of breathing?Ch. 34.3 - How does contracting the diaphragm muscle and the...Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 34 - Prob. 1ACCh. 34 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 34 - Which of the following in not true of respiratory...Ch. 34 - Describe how fish gills work, including the basic...Ch. 34 - Nicotine is responsible for keeping smokers...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 2MCCh. 34 - How does the respiratory system of a frog change...Ch. 34 - Prob. 3ACCh. 34 - Which part of the conducting portion of the...Ch. 34 - Which of the following statements is False? a....Ch. 34 - Prob. 3RQCh. 34 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 4MCCh. 34 - Prob. 4RQCh. 34 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 5MCCh. 34 - Explain some important characteristics of animals...Ch. 34 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 6RQCh. 34 - What events occur during human inhalation? During...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8RQCh. 34 - Prob. 9RQCh. 34 - Explain how the structure and arrangement of...
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- Describe how gas gradients arise; apply them to fisharrow_forwardDescribe an advantage of a fish’s gills for breathing in water and a disadvantage for breathing on land.arrow_forwardSOURCE: Gills are the main site of gas exchange in almost all fishes. The gills consist of bony or cartilaginously stiffened arches that anchor pairs of gill filaments. In sharks, the pairs of gill filaments are separated by a fleshy septum. The numerous, minute lamellae that protrude from both sides of each filament are the primary sites of gas exchange; however, not all the blood flow in the gills is directed to the lamellae. "Nonrespiratory basal blood channels or venolymphatic simuses may carry a significant fraction of the gall blood found that resting rainbow trout perfused approximately 58% of their lamellae with blood. Trout in hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) water or injected with epinepherine (eg. simulating stress or excitement) perfused more than 70% of their lamellae. Conversely, injections of acetylcholine decreased perfused lamellae to approximately 43%. These results indicate that rainbow trout can increase the number of lamellae that are used in respiration as the…arrow_forward
- You receive animal care and use committee approval to catch a fish, prop open its operculum (gill cover), tie a string around its tail, and tow it backwards through the water for experimental purposes. The fish is then released unharmed. This action forces water to flow backwards over the gill filaments and in between the gill lamellae. What effect would this backwards water flow have on respiration? It would reduce efficiency of gas exchange between water and blood The only effect would be due to the fish's discomfort from this treatment. O It would improve efficiency of gas exchange between water and bloodarrow_forwardCan you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish A: Describe countercurrent exchange in your own words. B: Describe concurrent exchange in your own words. C: Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).arrow_forwardWhen P. falciparum lives inside red blood cells, the metabolism of the parasite tends to release acid. What effect is the presence of acid likely to have on the oxygencarrying capacity of the red blood cells? On the likelihood that these cells sickle?arrow_forward
- Using Daphnia and grasshoppers as specific examples, compare how aquatic arthropods accomplish gas exchange with how terrestrial arthropods accomplish gas exchange?arrow_forwardComplete the tablearrow_forwardSwim bladders in fish and lungs in terrestrial animals have a common evolutionary origin, but have evolved to perform different functions. What is the primary function of swim bladders in fish? They serve as buoyancy control organs. They filter toxins from the water. They allow fish to absorb most of their oxygen. They help in the digestion of food.arrow_forward
- Draw diagram CHP systemarrow_forwardA trout exposed to acid mine drainage experiences an increase in mucus production along the gills. According to Fick’s law of diffusion, how would that affect the movement of oxygen through the gill capillaries?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT an example of where the surface area to volume ratio is increased to improve diffusion: microvilli in the small intestine of a human alveoli in the lungs of a mouse o air sacs in the respiratory system of a bird long intestine in an earth worm lamallae in gills of fisharrow_forward
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