Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34, Problem 5FIB
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Air enters from nose or mouth and passes through nasal cavity into the pharynx. The air then travels to larynx which is guarded by epiglottis. Inhaled air travels past larynx into the trachea. The trachea splits into left and right large branches called as bronchi which lead to the left and right lung respectively. Inside the lung, each bronchus repeatedly branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Bronchioles conduct air to alveoli. Alveoli are the microscopic air sacs that provide a site for the exchange of gases.

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The respiratory membrane is found in the________ .This membrane consists of the wall of a(n)_______ and the wall of a(n)________ joined by proteinstrands. The respiratory membrane is (how many?)______cell(s) thick. The inside of the respiratory membrane is coated with a watery fluid containing_______.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across our respiratory surface into and out of the blood via simple diffusion.  The respiratory membrane is thin so gases diffuse only a short distance through the liquid and into the blood. Fluid buildup in the lungs increases the distance through the liquid medium.  How does this impact the concentration of oxygen in the blood?  Explain.
Oxygen diffuses from the inhaled air in the alveoli of the lungs, where its concentration is higher, into the cytoplasm of red blood cells, where its concentration is lower. Patients diagnosed with emphysema have damaged alveoli. This results to fewer, larger air spaces instead of many small ones. Explain how this damage can lead to shortness of breath? The surface area of lungs is reduced. Hence, less oxygen can diffuse into the red blood cells. The surface area of lungs is increased. Hence, more oxygen can diffuse into the red blood B cells. The surface area of lungs is reduced. Hence, more oxygen can diffuse into the red blood cells. The surface area of lungs is increased. Hence, less oxygen can diffuse into the red blood cells.

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Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)

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Respiratory System; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_j-LD2YEqg;License: Standard youtube license