Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34, Problem 2MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Gills are the respiratory structures found in lower order animals. Thus, the exchange of gases occurs between gills and blood. A fish creates continuous water current through its mouth, over gills and out of operculum using pumping movement by rapid swimming with its mouth open. Fishes have evolved a very efficient method for gas exchange using a process named as “countercurrent exchange”.
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Students have asked these similar questions
According to the Fick equation, the fish gill is an effective gas exchange surface because...
A. It has a high blood-to-water diffusion distance
B. The total surface area of the lamellae is very large
C. The scaphognathite maintains a constant flow of water across the gill
D. The gill tissue is supported by the surrounding water
E. All of the above
Which of the following is a true statement?
A. The concentration of oxygen in water is greater than that in air.
B. In animals with gills, ventilation helps to reduce the thickness of the
boundary layer.
C. Countercurrent flow at the gas-exchange surface results in the
diffusion gradient across surface.
D. Mammalian lungs requires the diaphragm because the lungs are
relatively stiff and filled with parabronchi.
Respiratory organs of invertebrates and vertebrates are similar in that
a. they use negative pressure breathing.
b. they take advantage of countercurrent flow systems.
c. they increase the surface area available for diffusion.
d. the air flows through the organ in one direction.
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 34.1 - explain how organismal respiration supports...Ch. 34.1 - describe the adaptations of respiratory surfaces...Ch. 34.1 - explain why bulk flow is required for respiration?Ch. 34.2 - explain the four stages of gas exchange in animals...Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 34.2 - How does the insect tracheal system compensate for...Ch. 34.2 - explain the respiratory adaptations of fish?Ch. 34.2 - How do the respiratory adaptations of amphibians...Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.2 - Prob. 3TC
Ch. 34.3 - If you have sleep apnea, you never get a good...Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1ETCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 34.3 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 34.3 - explain the mechanics of breathing?Ch. 34.3 - How does contracting the diaphragm muscle and the...Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 34 - Prob. 1ACCh. 34 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 34 - Which of the following in not true of respiratory...Ch. 34 - Describe how fish gills work, including the basic...Ch. 34 - Nicotine is responsible for keeping smokers...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 2MCCh. 34 - How does the respiratory system of a frog change...Ch. 34 - Prob. 3ACCh. 34 - Which part of the conducting portion of the...Ch. 34 - Which of the following statements is False? a....Ch. 34 - Prob. 3RQCh. 34 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 4MCCh. 34 - Prob. 4RQCh. 34 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 5MCCh. 34 - Explain some important characteristics of animals...Ch. 34 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 6RQCh. 34 - What events occur during human inhalation? During...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8RQCh. 34 - Prob. 9RQCh. 34 - Explain how the structure and arrangement of...
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- Which of the following is NOT a feature of a gas-exchange organ in animals? A. low surface area for gas exchange B. moist C. thin, delicate structure D. extensive blood flowarrow_forwardMarine mammals are able to hold their breath for extended periods underwater because a. unlike humans, they don’t hypoventilate. b. partial pressure of carbon dioxide does not increase underwater. c. myoglobin in muscle tissue provides an oxygen reserve. d. the brains of marine mammals do not have receptors that respond to impulses initiated in the aortic and carotid bodies.arrow_forwardIn insects, O₂ moves from the gas exchange surface to the cells primarily by: A. Diffusion B. Active transport C. Convection D. Conduction E. None of the abovearrow_forward
- At which point in the mammalian circulatory system does the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood experience its greatest increase? A. in the arteries of the heart B. in the pulmonary veins C. in the pulmonary capillaries D. in the pulmonary arteries E. in the aortaarrow_forwardCan you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish A: Describe countercurrent exchange in your own words. B: Describe concurrent exchange in your own words. C: Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of the circulatory system of a grasshopper? A. One or more muscular chamber hearts drive blood through the closed circulatory system of the grasshopper. B. The grasshopper has an open circulatory system with a heart that is a peristaltic vessel. C. Because the grasshopper has an open circulatory system, the maximum hemolymph pressures that can be achieved are relatively low, which limits the maximum metabolic rate that can be achieved. D. The grasshopper does not have a specialized circulatory system - instead, its circulatory system consists of the fluid in the body cavity which is circulated by means of the body movements of the animal. E. Both B and C are true of the circulatory system of the grasshopper.arrow_forward
- Which of the following will increase the rate of O2 uptake by a lobster? A. Increasing the partial pressure of O₂ in the hemolymph (i.e. blood) of the lobster B. Increasing the flow of water over the gill (i.e. increasing ventilation) C. Increasing the thickness (i.e. the hemolymph-to-water distance) of the gill D. Increasing the surface area of the scaphognathite E. All of the abovearrow_forwardThe countercurrent exchange system for gills relies on diffusion to diffuse oxygen into the blood. This system works because the blood in the gills. a. increasing encounters [Select] b. decreasing water as the blood moves from [Select] a. arteries [Select] b. capillaries c. Veins ✰ concentrations of oxygen in the a.arteries b. capillaries to C. veins through the capillaries. This also ensures that a. less blood always has [Select] b. more c. the same amount of oxygen than the water for continued diffusion.arrow_forwardO2 bound to hemoglobin: a. acts the same as physically dissolved oxygen b. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the oxygen partial pressure c. exerts a partial pressure d. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the acidity (decrease the pH) e. all the options are correct 2. Air convection in mammals is driven by a smaller pressure gradient than blood convection because: a. Bronchioles have a greater resistance to flow than arterioles b. bronchioles tend to have a smaller radius than arterioles and capillaries c. air is easier to move with pressure gradients than blood d. air generally travels farther in your body than does blood e. air is heavier than blood 3. The rate of diffusion of gases is NOT determined by which of the following? a. The area of the surface across which diffusion is occurring b. The mechanical energy…arrow_forward
- In the lungs of mammals, airways branch into a series of narrowing tubes that end in Alveoli. How does gas exchange occur between alveoli and blood capillaries?arrow_forwardExplain the difference between unidirectional airflow in birds vs bidirectional airflow in mammals. Define the terms and explain how they are different.arrow_forwardAll vertebrates breathe with either gills or lungs. Which is a property of gills only and not lungs?arrow_forward
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