The way by which the glucose concentration affects the insulin secretion of cells. Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a condition in the body that leads to metabolic disorders with high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2 . Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes that is seen among individuals. Here, the blood sugar level of the body always remains elevated because of the impaired response of the target cells toward the insulin hormone, which helps to maintain the blood sugar level. There are many foreign substances that act like activators and inhibitor molecules, which disrupt normal hormonal activities. One such chemical is Bisphenol A (BPA) that acts like natural estrogen hormone and have an endocrine disrupting and diabetogenic activity.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 34, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way by which the glucose concentration affects the insulin secretion of cells.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a condition in the body that leads to metabolic disorders with high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes that is seen among individuals. Here, the blood sugar level of the body always remains elevated because of the impaired response of the target cells toward the insulin hormone, which helps to maintain the blood sugar level.

There are many foreign substances that act like activators and inhibitor molecules, which disrupt normal hormonal activities. One such chemical is Bisphenol A (BPA) that acts like natural estrogen hormone and have an endocrine disrupting and diabetogenic activity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

BPA is a synthetic compound present in epoxy resins and plastics, such as food containers, beverage bottles, and so on. Using different studies, the researchers have found that BPA directly acts on the pancreatic cells and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. BPA activates the estrogen receptor that presents in the pancreatic cells and disrupts the insulin secretion Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), which is a chemical that has similar effects as BPA. It can also bind and activate the estrogen receptor as BPA and affect the insulin secretion.

Refer Figure 34.11 “Effects of BPA and DPN on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion” in the textbook. In the given experiment, researchers focused to determine the effects of BPA on insulin secretion. The human pancreatic cells were cultured and treated with BPA and DPN. Later, the cells were monitored for the insulin secretion. The cells that were exposed to glucose alone, without the treatment with BPA and DPN, secreted less insulin when compared to the treated ones. DPN treated pancreatic cells produced two times more than the insulin and those cells with BPA treatment secreted three times more than the insulin than that of the cells that were exposed to glucose alone.

Conclusion

BPA treated pancreatic cells produced three times more than the insulin, DPN treated cells secreted two times more than the insulin when compared to the cells that were only exposed to glucose.

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*Example 2: Tracing the path of an autosomal dominant trait Trait: Neurofibromatosis Forms of the trait: The dominant form is neurofibromatosis, caused by the production of an abnormal form of the protein neurofibromin. Affected individuals show spots of abnormal skin pigmentation and non-cancerous tumors that can interfere with the nervous system and cause blindness. Some tumors can convert to a cancerous form. i The recessive form is a normal protein - in other words, no neurofibromatosis.moovi A typical pedigree for a family that carries neurofibromatosis is shown below. Note that carriers are not indicated with half-colored shapes in this chart. Use the letter "N" to indicate the dominant neurofibromatosis allele, and the letter "n" for the normal allele. Nn nn nn 2 nn Nn A 3 N-

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 34, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way by which the glucose concentration affects the insulin secretion of cells.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a condition in the body that leads to metabolic disorders with high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes that is seen among individuals. Here, the blood sugar level of the body always remains elevated because of the impaired response of the target cells toward the insulin hormone, which helps to maintain the blood sugar level.

There are many foreign substances that act like activators and inhibitor molecules, which disrupt normal hormonal activities. One such chemical is Bisphenol A (BPA) that acts like natural estrogen hormone and have an endocrine disrupting and diabetogenic activity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

BPA is a synthetic compound present in epoxy resins and plastics, such as food containers, beverage bottles, and so on. Using different studies, the researchers have found that BPA directly acts on the pancreatic cells and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. BPA activates the estrogen receptor that presents in the pancreatic cells and disrupts the insulin secretion Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), which is a chemical that has similar effects as BPA. It can also bind and activate the estrogen receptor as BPA and affect the insulin secretion.

Refer Figure 34.11 “Effects of BPA and DPN on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion” in the textbook. In the given experiment, researchers focused to determine the effects of BPA on insulin secretion. The human pancreatic cells were cultured and treated with BPA and DPN. Later, the cells were monitored for the insulin secretion. The cells that were exposed to glucose alone, without the treatment with BPA and DPN, secreted less insulin when compared to the treated ones. DPN treated pancreatic cells produced two times more than the insulin and those cells with BPA treatment secreted three times more than the insulin than that of the cells that were exposed to glucose alone.

Conclusion

BPA treated pancreatic cells produced three times more than the insulin, DPN treated cells secreted two times more than the insulin when compared to the cells that were only exposed to glucose.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 34, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way by which the glucose concentration affects the insulin secretion of cells.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a condition in the body that leads to metabolic disorders with high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes that is seen among individuals. Here, the blood sugar level of the body always remains elevated because of the impaired response of the target cells toward the insulin hormone, which helps to maintain the blood sugar level.

There are many foreign substances that act like activators and inhibitor molecules, which disrupt normal hormonal activities. One such chemical is Bisphenol A (BPA) that acts like natural estrogen hormone and have an endocrine disrupting and diabetogenic activity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

BPA is a synthetic compound present in epoxy resins and plastics, such as food containers, beverage bottles, and so on. Using different studies, the researchers have found that BPA directly acts on the pancreatic cells and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. BPA activates the estrogen receptor that presents in the pancreatic cells and disrupts the insulin secretion Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), which is a chemical that has similar effects as BPA. It can also bind and activate the estrogen receptor as BPA and affect the insulin secretion.

Refer Figure 34.11 “Effects of BPA and DPN on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion” in the textbook. In the given experiment, researchers focused to determine the effects of BPA on insulin secretion. The human pancreatic cells were cultured and treated with BPA and DPN. Later, the cells were monitored for the insulin secretion. The cells that were exposed to glucose alone, without the treatment with BPA and DPN, secreted less insulin when compared to the treated ones. DPN treated pancreatic cells produced two times more than the insulin and those cells with BPA treatment secreted three times more than the insulin than that of the cells that were exposed to glucose alone.

Conclusion

BPA treated pancreatic cells produced three times more than the insulin, DPN treated cells secreted two times more than the insulin when compared to the cells that were only exposed to glucose.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 34, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way by which the glucose concentration affects the insulin secretion of cells.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a condition in the body that leads to metabolic disorders with high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes that is seen among individuals. Here, the blood sugar level of the body always remains elevated because of the impaired response of the target cells toward the insulin hormone, which helps to maintain the blood sugar level.

There are many foreign substances that act like activators and inhibitor molecules, which disrupt normal hormonal activities. One such chemical is Bisphenol A (BPA) that acts like natural estrogen hormone and have an endocrine disrupting and diabetogenic activity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

BPA is a synthetic compound present in epoxy resins and plastics, such as food containers, beverage bottles, and so on. Using different studies, the researchers have found that BPA directly acts on the pancreatic cells and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. BPA activates the estrogen receptor that presents in the pancreatic cells and disrupts the insulin secretion Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), which is a chemical that has similar effects as BPA. It can also bind and activate the estrogen receptor as BPA and affect the insulin secretion.

Refer Figure 34.11 “Effects of BPA and DPN on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion” in the textbook. In the given experiment, researchers focused to determine the effects of BPA on insulin secretion. The human pancreatic cells were cultured and treated with BPA and DPN. Later, the cells were monitored for the insulin secretion. The cells that were exposed to glucose alone, without the treatment with BPA and DPN, secreted less insulin when compared to the treated ones. DPN treated pancreatic cells produced two times more than the insulin and those cells with BPA treatment secreted three times more than the insulin than that of the cells that were exposed to glucose alone.

Conclusion

BPA treated pancreatic cells produced three times more than the insulin, DPN treated cells secreted two times more than the insulin when compared to the cells that were only exposed to glucose.

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Answer 5

Chapter 34, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way by which the glucose concentration affects the insulin secretion of cells.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a condition in the body that leads to metabolic disorders with high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes that is seen among individuals. Here, the blood sugar level of the body always remains elevated because of the impaired response of the target cells toward the insulin hormone, which helps to maintain the blood sugar level.

There are many foreign substances that act like activators and inhibitor molecules, which disrupt normal hormonal activities. One such chemical is Bisphenol A (BPA) that acts like natural estrogen hormone and have an endocrine disrupting and diabetogenic activity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

BPA is a synthetic compound present in epoxy resins and plastics, such as food containers, beverage bottles, and so on. Using different studies, the researchers have found that BPA directly acts on the pancreatic cells and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. BPA activates the estrogen receptor that presents in the pancreatic cells and disrupts the insulin secretion Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), which is a chemical that has similar effects as BPA. It can also bind and activate the estrogen receptor as BPA and affect the insulin secretion.

Refer Figure 34.11 “Effects of BPA and DPN on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion” in the textbook. In the given experiment, researchers focused to determine the effects of BPA on insulin secretion. The human pancreatic cells were cultured and treated with BPA and DPN. Later, the cells were monitored for the insulin secretion. The cells that were exposed to glucose alone, without the treatment with BPA and DPN, secreted less insulin when compared to the treated ones. DPN treated pancreatic cells produced two times more than the insulin and those cells with BPA treatment secreted three times more than the insulin than that of the cells that were exposed to glucose alone.

Conclusion

BPA treated pancreatic cells produced three times more than the insulin, DPN treated cells secreted two times more than the insulin when compared to the cells that were only exposed to glucose.

Answer 6

Chapter 34, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way by which the glucose concentration affects the insulin secretion of cells.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a condition in the body that leads to metabolic disorders with high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes that is seen among individuals. Here, the blood sugar level of the body always remains elevated because of the impaired response of the target cells toward the insulin hormone, which helps to maintain the blood sugar level.

There are many foreign substances that act like activators and inhibitor molecules, which disrupt normal hormonal activities. One such chemical is Bisphenol A (BPA) that acts like natural estrogen hormone and have an endocrine disrupting and diabetogenic activity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

BPA is a synthetic compound present in epoxy resins and plastics, such as food containers, beverage bottles, and so on. Using different studies, the researchers have found that BPA directly acts on the pancreatic cells and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. BPA activates the estrogen receptor that presents in the pancreatic cells and disrupts the insulin secretion Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), which is a chemical that has similar effects as BPA. It can also bind and activate the estrogen receptor as BPA and affect the insulin secretion.

Refer Figure 34.11 “Effects of BPA and DPN on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion” in the textbook. In the given experiment, researchers focused to determine the effects of BPA on insulin secretion. The human pancreatic cells were cultured and treated with BPA and DPN. Later, the cells were monitored for the insulin secretion. The cells that were exposed to glucose alone, without the treatment with BPA and DPN, secreted less insulin when compared to the treated ones. DPN treated pancreatic cells produced two times more than the insulin and those cells with BPA treatment secreted three times more than the insulin than that of the cells that were exposed to glucose alone.

Conclusion

BPA treated pancreatic cells produced three times more than the insulin, DPN treated cells secreted two times more than the insulin when compared to the cells that were only exposed to glucose.

Answer 7

Chapter 34, Problem 1DAA

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way by which the glucose concentration affects the insulin secretion of cells.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a condition in the body that leads to metabolic disorders with high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes that is seen among individuals. Here, the blood sugar level of the body always remains elevated because of the impaired response of the target cells toward the insulin hormone, which helps to maintain the blood sugar level.

There are many foreign substances that act like activators and inhibitor molecules, which disrupt normal hormonal activities. One such chemical is Bisphenol A (BPA) that acts like natural estrogen hormone and have an endocrine disrupting and diabetogenic activity.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

BPA is a synthetic compound present in epoxy resins and plastics, such as food containers, beverage bottles, and so on. Using different studies, the researchers have found that BPA directly acts on the pancreatic cells and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. BPA activates the estrogen receptor that presents in the pancreatic cells and disrupts the insulin secretion Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), which is a chemical that has similar effects as BPA. It can also bind and activate the estrogen receptor as BPA and affect the insulin secretion.

Refer Figure 34.11 “Effects of BPA and DPN on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion” in the textbook. In the given experiment, researchers focused to determine the effects of BPA on insulin secretion. The human pancreatic cells were cultured and treated with BPA and DPN. Later, the cells were monitored for the insulin secretion. The cells that were exposed to glucose alone, without the treatment with BPA and DPN, secreted less insulin when compared to the treated ones. DPN treated pancreatic cells produced two times more than the insulin and those cells with BPA treatment secreted three times more than the insulin than that of the cells that were exposed to glucose alone.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

BPA treated pancreatic cells produced three times more than the insulin, DPN treated cells secreted two times more than the insulin when compared to the cells that were only exposed to glucose.

Answer 12

Ch. 34 - Prob. 1DAA Ch. 34 - Effect of BPA on Insulin Secretion Bisphenol A...Ch. 34 - Effect of BPA on Insulin Secretion Bisphenol A...Ch. 34 - Effect of BPA on Insulin Secretion Bisphenol A...Ch. 34 - Prob. 1SQ Ch. 34 - A ________ is synthesized from cholesterol and can...Ch. 34 - Match each pituitary hormone with its target. ____...Ch. 34 - Releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus...Ch. 34 - Prob. 5SQ Ch. 34 - Low blood calcium triggers secretion by ________....

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