Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 34, Problem 10IQ
- a. List the derived characteristics of mammals.
- b. Go back to the phylogenetic tree in Interactive Question 34.3 and make sure you have filled in all the information.
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Directions: Use the cladogram below to answer the questions on this worksheet.
C.
Sharks
D.
Ray-finned
fish
Amphibians Primates
Rodents
& rabbits Crocodiles
Vertebrae
7. What trait separates amphibians from primates on this cladogram?.
8. What separates rabbits and primates from crocodiles on this cladogram?
9. Which organism is most related to the bird on this cladogram?
10. What 5 traits do the bird and the other organism from #19 have in common? A.
Four limbs
Bony skeleton
Amniotic ego
11. Which organism is more closely related to an Amphibian: Ray-Finned Fish or Bird?
12. How many traits do Amphibians and Primates have in common?
Birds
Eggs with shell
Use the evolutionary tree below to answer the questions that follow.
a. What number represents the most recent common ancestor to all the organisms on this tree?
b. Name the organisms that share the homologous structure of the amnion.
c. According to this tree are humans more closely related to lizards or salamanders? Explain your answer.
Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion
Chapter 34 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 34 - Name the animal shown in the following diagram and...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2IQCh. 34 - The following phylogenetic hypothesis shows the...Ch. 34 - a. List the derived characters of gnathostomes. b....Ch. 34 - a. What three lineages of lobe-fins survive today?...Ch. 34 - Describe the 375-million-year-old fishapod fossil...Ch. 34 - Identify the four extraembryonic membranes in the...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8IQCh. 34 - Prob. 9IQCh. 34 - a. List the derived characteristics of mammals. b....
Ch. 34 - Prob. 11IQCh. 34 - Starting from primates, list the increasingly...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 34 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 34 - Prob. 1TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 2TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 3TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 4TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 5TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 6TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 7TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 8TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 9TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 10TYKFCh. 34 - Pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 34 - Non-bird reptiles have much lower caloric needs...Ch. 34 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 34 - It is thought that feathers first arose as a means...Ch. 34 - Prob. 15TYK
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- C. Phylogenetic tree Interpretation. Salamander Lizard - Perch Hagfish Mouse Chimp Pigeon, Feathers Fur; mammary glands Claws or nails Lungs Jaws 1. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have fur and mammary glands? 2. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have jaws? 3. Based on the cladogram, which shared a common ancestor most recently----a mouse and a lizard or a mouse and a perch? 4. Which two organisms would you expect to have a closer matching DNA sequence for a gene that doesn't matter in terms of natural selection?--Hagfish and Pigeon or Hagfish and Salamander?arrow_forwardMARSUPIALS EUTHERIANS (PLACENTAL MAMMALS) opossum thylacine Tarsipes kangaroo deer pig dog horse rabbit treeshrew lemur baboon human sloth echidna bird turtle хх = claws O = flattened nails x = hoovesarrow_forwardExplain the difference between generalized and specialized characteristics. What are examples of each in terms of the adaptive potential? Define the term “adaptive radiation” and explain why it is important to the principle of evolution. Why was adaptive radiation especially important to mammals’ eventual rapid evolutionary success and diversification? What are some of the different groups of mammals?arrow_forward
- A. Identification. Determine if each pair of character states are analogous or homologous. Justify your answer. 1. paws of cat and wings of bat 2. body shape of dolphin and fish 3. potato and sweet potato (kamote) tuberarrow_forwardCreate a phylogenetic treearrow_forwardThe figure shows a phylogenetic tree of various members of the order Proboscidea, which includes modern elephants. Which of the following claims is best supported by the information in the figure ? a.The mastodon and the Stegodon diverged from their common ancestor 22 million years ago. b.The common ancestor of the African elephant and the mastodon is the Palaeomastodon. c.The mammoth diverged from its most recent common ancestor with African elephants before the mastodon diverged from its most recent common ancestor with Stegodons. d.The Asian and African elephants are the most closely related species shown on the tree.arrow_forward
- Instruction: Using the information from the table, construct a vertical phylogenetic tree and answer the questions below. Character Vertebrae Jaws Swim bladder Paired limbs Embryonic membrane Mammary glands Dry, scaly skin Front eye opening Feathers lancelet lamprey shark Bony amphibian mammal lizard crocodile bird fish 0 0 0 0 0 OOOO 0 0 0 0 1 10000 OOOO 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 DOO 0 0 OOOO 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 HOO 0 OOOO 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 HOOO 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 OO 0 1 1 1 1 1 OLLO 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1arrow_forwardHow is modularity beneficial to animal specialization during the course of evolution? Illustrate your explanation with an example.arrow_forwardView the Diagram given below. Then read the questions given on the right-hand side. Answer each question by typing your answers in the paragraph space given below. Be sure to label each answer with the correct letter. Ex. a)..., b)... etco a) What is this type of diagram called if it is based on genetic analysis? Ray firned Rodents 3 rabbits Crocodles Dinosaurs 8 birds Sharks Amphibions Primistes b) How many clades in total are being shown here? Two post-otlal fenestrae c) What do the lengths of each branch indicate? Hair di Name the two most ancient organisms here: Amnictic ega Four inbs Eony skeleton Verteoraearrow_forward
- Make a table separating the animals based on the physical properties such as: I. Presence or absence of a backbone II. Ability to breathe in air or water III. Cold or warm blooded IV. Carnivore, herbivore, or omnivore V. Presence or absence of hair/fur VI. Any other external structure such as horns After that, construct a phylogenetic tree (example is on the picture I uploaded)arrow_forwardYou are a scientist trying to determine the relationship between the organisms below. On a separate sheet of paper create a cladogram that represents how these animals are related. the words below in bold, must be used on your cladogram 1. Divide the animals into two groups depending on if they possess vertebrae. 2. Divide the vertebrates into groups according whether they have an amniotic egg or not. (Hint: keep the animals who give live birth with the amniotic egg animals.) 3. Divide those who have amniotic eggs according to the presence of an exoskeleton. 4. Divide those with endoskeleton according to whether or not they give live birth. 5. Divide those with live birth depending on if they possess opposable thumbs. 6. Return to your invertebrates. Divide them according to the presence of an exoskeleton. 7. Divide those with exoskeletons according to whether they possess wings. Owl Turtle Spider Butterfly Chimpanzee Octopus Toad Elephantarrow_forwardUsing the picture below, make a phylogenetic tree. Make sure that all seven (7) creatures, including the outgroup, are on the tree and assigned their own branch. Make sure all parts of the tree are properly labeled. Circle the different clades/monophyletic groups (many will be overlapping and that's okay). ALSO, In the lineage leading to each new node, be sure to indicate the shared derived character and how it has changed (e.g., if the synapomorphy was having eyes, we would indicate this on the tree by drawing something like this no eyes > eyes). Don't forget to add the root! Finally, circle all your clades/ monophyletic groups and give them informative names like a good little systematist! Please follow all these steps to create the phylogenetic tree. Do it correctly and completely. Do not use previous versions/answers.arrow_forward
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