Chapter 3.2, Problem 1NV

(1)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Definition of the term ‘latitude’.

Explanation of Solution

In geography,latitude is defined as the angular distance of the north or south region with respect to the equator. A latitude is considered as the imaginary line parallel to the equator. The latitudes that are present above the equator are termed as northern latitudes and the latitudes that are present below the equator are termed as southern latitudes. Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn are examples of latitudes.

(2)

Summary Introduction

To compare:

Terms given in the table.

Explanation of Solution

The comparison between weather and climate is given as follows:

Weather	Climate
1. It is a short time or an immediate state of the atmosphere. 2. It can vary with location and time.	1. It is the long-term pattern of weather.It represents the general characteristics of weather for decades (30 years). 2. It does not vary according to time but may vary from one location to another.

(3)

Summary Introduction

To compare:

Growing conditions and vegetation of different biomes.

Introduction:

In biology, biome refers to regions on earth that experience similar climatic conditions and similar flora and fauna. One biome may contain different ecosystems, but the animals and plants living in one type of biome have similar adaptations.

Explanation of Solution

The comparison ofdifferent biomesis given as follows:

TundraClimatic conditions- Cold and windy climate, with a little precipitation and land generally covered with snow. Vegetation- Small shrubs, lichens and mosses, and no trees. Animals- Polar beer, insects, owls, and trout.	Boreal ForestClimatic conditions- Long severe winters and very short summers. Vegetation- Fir trees, Shrubs, and Spruce. Animals-Elk, wolves, and Moose.	Temperate ForestClimatic conditions- High precipitation, humid climate, warm summers, and moderately cold winters. Vegetation- Oak, deciduous trees, and shrubs. Animals- Squirrel, birds, insects, frogs, turtle, and foxes.
WoodlandsClimatic conditions- Warm summers, cool winters with high range of rainfall. Vegetation- Long trees, oaks, and evergreen shrubs. Animals- Foxes, lizards, bobcats, and rabbits.	GrasslandsClimatic conditions- Warm summers, moderately to highly cold winters, and very less rainfall. No or very little snow. Vegetation- Thick grass cover, and small shrubs. Animals- Horses, cattle, bison, deer, rabbits, and lions.	DesertClimate conditions- Very hot summers, dry, and low rainfall. Moderately cold winters. Vegetation- Cacti and succulents. Animals- Lizards, rodents, scorpions, snakes, coyote, owls.
Tropicalsavanna Climatic conditions- Rainy and hot summers and dry winters. Vegetation- Scattered trees, grasses, and small shrubs. Animals- Hyenas, cheetah, giraffe, elephants, horses, zebra, insects, sparrow, and woodpeckers.	Tropical Seasonal ForestClimaticconditions- Seasonal rainfall with well-definedseasons. Vegetation- Evergreen trees, deciduous trees, mosses, and orchids. Animals-Elephants, monkeys, tigers, lions, frogs, spiders, and snakes.	Tropical Rain ForestClimatic conditions- Heavy rainfall, hot and moist throughout the year. Vegetation- Evergreen broadleaf trees, bamboo, shrubs, and tall grasses. Animals-Tigers, elephants, hyenas, deer, bats, birds like sparrows, woodpecker, parrots, cobra snakes, frogs, and rodents.