To describe the relationship shown in the scatterplot .

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Compare Compare Correlation is the measure of the degree of the relationship between the variables. In regression, the relationship between the variables to predict one by another is assessed. In correlation there is no cause and effect between the variables, whereas in regression there is a cause and effect between the variables. By using correlation, we cannot predict anything, but regression is a predictive tool. Coefficients are symmetrical in correlation but in regression they are asymmetrical. Correlation is independent of change in origin and scale, but regression is not independent of change in scale.

Chapter 3, Problem R3.1RE

(a)

To determine

To describe the relationship shown in the scatterplot.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Thus, from the scatterplot we can say that:

Direction: Positive, because the scatterplot slopes upwards.

Form: Curved, because there is curvature present in the data.

Strength: Moderately strong, because the points are not very far apart, but are not extremely close either.

(b)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point A decreases the correlation, Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept and Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals.

Explanation of Solution

The point A is the hippopotamus.

Thus, Point A decreases the correlation since point A appears to be an outlier, it skews the data, thus decreasing the data set's correlation. Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept. Since point A is close to x but far from y , it will not have much effect on the slope. However, for this same reason, it will increase the y-intercept. Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals. This is because point A has such a large residual.

(c)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point B increases the correlation and does not affect the regression line and the standard deviation.

Explanation of Solution

Point B is an Asian elephant.

Thus, the point B lies in the extension of the pattern in most of the points in the scatterplot and thus point B lies roughly near the regression line and will increase the correlation. Moreover, it will not affect the regression line. And the observed y -values is roughly the same as the predicted value so the standard deviation will also be not affected by the point B.

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Answer 2

Question

Compare Compare Correlation is the measure of the degree of the relationship between the variables. In regression, the relationship between the variables to predict one by another is assessed. In correlation there is no cause and effect between the variables, whereas in regression there is a cause and effect between the variables. By using correlation, we cannot predict anything, but regression is a predictive tool. Coefficients are symmetrical in correlation but in regression they are asymmetrical. Correlation is independent of change in origin and scale, but regression is not independent of change in scale.

Chapter 3, Problem R3.1RE

(a)

To determine

To describe the relationship shown in the scatterplot.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Thus, from the scatterplot we can say that:

Direction: Positive, because the scatterplot slopes upwards.

Form: Curved, because there is curvature present in the data.

Strength: Moderately strong, because the points are not very far apart, but are not extremely close either.

(b)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point A decreases the correlation, Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept and Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals.

Explanation of Solution

The point A is the hippopotamus.

Thus, Point A decreases the correlation since point A appears to be an outlier, it skews the data, thus decreasing the data set's correlation. Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept. Since point A is close to x but far from y , it will not have much effect on the slope. However, for this same reason, it will increase the y-intercept. Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals. This is because point A has such a large residual.

(c)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point B increases the correlation and does not affect the regression line and the standard deviation.

Explanation of Solution

Point B is an Asian elephant.

Thus, the point B lies in the extension of the pattern in most of the points in the scatterplot and thus point B lies roughly near the regression line and will increase the correlation. Moreover, it will not affect the regression line. And the observed y -values is roughly the same as the predicted value so the standard deviation will also be not affected by the point B.

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Answer 3

Question

Compare Compare Correlation is the measure of the degree of the relationship between the variables. In regression, the relationship between the variables to predict one by another is assessed. In correlation there is no cause and effect between the variables, whereas in regression there is a cause and effect between the variables. By using correlation, we cannot predict anything, but regression is a predictive tool. Coefficients are symmetrical in correlation but in regression they are asymmetrical. Correlation is independent of change in origin and scale, but regression is not independent of change in scale.

Chapter 3, Problem R3.1RE

(a)

To determine

To describe the relationship shown in the scatterplot.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Thus, from the scatterplot we can say that:

Direction: Positive, because the scatterplot slopes upwards.

Form: Curved, because there is curvature present in the data.

Strength: Moderately strong, because the points are not very far apart, but are not extremely close either.

(b)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point A decreases the correlation, Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept and Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals.

Explanation of Solution

The point A is the hippopotamus.

Thus, Point A decreases the correlation since point A appears to be an outlier, it skews the data, thus decreasing the data set's correlation. Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept. Since point A is close to x but far from y , it will not have much effect on the slope. However, for this same reason, it will increase the y-intercept. Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals. This is because point A has such a large residual.

(c)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point B increases the correlation and does not affect the regression line and the standard deviation.

Explanation of Solution

Point B is an Asian elephant.

Thus, the point B lies in the extension of the pattern in most of the points in the scatterplot and thus point B lies roughly near the regression line and will increase the correlation. Moreover, it will not affect the regression line. And the observed y -values is roughly the same as the predicted value so the standard deviation will also be not affected by the point B.

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Answer 4

Question

Compare Compare Correlation is the measure of the degree of the relationship between the variables. In regression, the relationship between the variables to predict one by another is assessed. In correlation there is no cause and effect between the variables, whereas in regression there is a cause and effect between the variables. By using correlation, we cannot predict anything, but regression is a predictive tool. Coefficients are symmetrical in correlation but in regression they are asymmetrical. Correlation is independent of change in origin and scale, but regression is not independent of change in scale.

Chapter 3, Problem R3.1RE

(a)

To determine

To describe the relationship shown in the scatterplot.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Thus, from the scatterplot we can say that:

Direction: Positive, because the scatterplot slopes upwards.

Form: Curved, because there is curvature present in the data.

Strength: Moderately strong, because the points are not very far apart, but are not extremely close either.

(b)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point A decreases the correlation, Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept and Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals.

Explanation of Solution

The point A is the hippopotamus.

Thus, Point A decreases the correlation since point A appears to be an outlier, it skews the data, thus decreasing the data set's correlation. Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept. Since point A is close to x but far from y , it will not have much effect on the slope. However, for this same reason, it will increase the y-intercept. Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals. This is because point A has such a large residual.

(c)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point B increases the correlation and does not affect the regression line and the standard deviation.

Explanation of Solution

Point B is an Asian elephant.

Thus, the point B lies in the extension of the pattern in most of the points in the scatterplot and thus point B lies roughly near the regression line and will increase the correlation. Moreover, it will not affect the regression line. And the observed y -values is roughly the same as the predicted value so the standard deviation will also be not affected by the point B.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem R3.1RE

(a)

To determine

To describe the relationship shown in the scatterplot.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Thus, from the scatterplot we can say that:

Direction: Positive, because the scatterplot slopes upwards.

Form: Curved, because there is curvature present in the data.

Strength: Moderately strong, because the points are not very far apart, but are not extremely close either.

(b)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point A decreases the correlation, Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept and Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals.

Explanation of Solution

The point A is the hippopotamus.

Thus, Point A decreases the correlation since point A appears to be an outlier, it skews the data, thus decreasing the data set's correlation. Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept. Since point A is close to x but far from y , it will not have much effect on the slope. However, for this same reason, it will increase the y-intercept. Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals. This is because point A has such a large residual.

(c)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point B increases the correlation and does not affect the regression line and the standard deviation.

Explanation of Solution

Point B is an Asian elephant.

Thus, the point B lies in the extension of the pattern in most of the points in the scatterplot and thus point B lies roughly near the regression line and will increase the correlation. Moreover, it will not affect the regression line. And the observed y -values is roughly the same as the predicted value so the standard deviation will also be not affected by the point B.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem R3.1RE

(a)

To determine

To describe the relationship shown in the scatterplot.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Thus, from the scatterplot we can say that:

Direction: Positive, because the scatterplot slopes upwards.

Form: Curved, because there is curvature present in the data.

Strength: Moderately strong, because the points are not very far apart, but are not extremely close either.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem R3.1RE

(a)

To determine

To describe the relationship shown in the scatterplot.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Thus, from the scatterplot we can say that:

Direction: Positive, because the scatterplot slopes upwards.

Form: Curved, because there is curvature present in the data.

Strength: Moderately strong, because the points are not very far apart, but are not extremely close either.

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

(b)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point A decreases the correlation, Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept and Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals.

Explanation of Solution

The point A is the hippopotamus.

Thus, Point A decreases the correlation since point A appears to be an outlier, it skews the data, thus decreasing the data set's correlation. Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept. Since point A is close to x but far from y , it will not have much effect on the slope. However, for this same reason, it will increase the y-intercept. Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals. This is because point A has such a large residual.

Answer 13

(b)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point A decreases the correlation, Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept and Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals.

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Explanation of Solution

The point A is the hippopotamus.

Thus, Point A decreases the correlation since point A appears to be an outlier, it skews the data, thus decreasing the data set's correlation. Point A will not have a drastic effect on slope, but will increase the y -intercept. Since point A is close to x but far from y , it will not have much effect on the slope. However, for this same reason, it will increase the y-intercept. Point A increases the standard deviation of the residuals. This is because point A has such a large residual.

Answer 19

(c)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point B increases the correlation and does not affect the regression line and the standard deviation.

Explanation of Solution

Point B is an Asian elephant.

Thus, the point B lies in the extension of the pattern in most of the points in the scatterplot and thus point B lies roughly near the regression line and will increase the correlation. Moreover, it will not affect the regression line. And the observed y -values is roughly the same as the predicted value so the standard deviation will also be not affected by the point B.

Answer 20

(c)

To determine

To explain what effect does this point have on the correlation, the regression line and the standard deviation of the residual.

Answer 21

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem R3.1RE

Point B increases the correlation and does not affect the regression line and the standard deviation.

Answer 22

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 23

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Explanation of Solution

Point B is an Asian elephant.

Thus, the point B lies in the extension of the pattern in most of the points in the scatterplot and thus point B lies roughly near the regression line and will increase the correlation. Moreover, it will not affect the regression line. And the observed y -values is roughly the same as the predicted value so the standard deviation will also be not affected by the point B.