Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 3, Problem 64TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The
Introduction:
In biochemistry, acid dissociation constant or Ka is defined as a type of equilibrium constant that measures the tendency of a larger molecule to dissociate reversibly into smaller molecules. Carboxylic acid groupsionize to a lesser extent in water to form moderately acidic solutions. Carboxylic acids have -COOH as the
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Deficiencies of carnitine, carnitine acyltransferases, or carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase affect the metabolism of long-chain
fatty acids. Many of the symptoms are similar, and include hypoketotic hypoglycemia, low ketone levels and low blood sugar
with fasting, and damage to the liver, heart, or muscles due to fatty acid buildup in those tissues. Symptom severity varies with
the form of the deficiency.
The following abbreviations are used: carnitine acyltransferase (carnitine palmitoyltransferase), CPT and carnitine/acylcarnitine
translocase, CACT.
Identify each symptom or effect as a deficiency of CPT I, CPT II, or CACT.
CPT I deficiency
CPT II deficiency
CACT deficiency
Answer Bank
acyl carnitine not transported into mitochondrial matrix
acyl carnitine not converted to carnitine in matrix
long-chain fatty acids not transferred to carnitine
Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by abnormal regulation of blood glucose levels. If left untreated,
diabetes leads to chronic hyperglycemia and numerous pathological complications.
Classify each characteristic according to whether it best describes type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Type 1 diabetes
Answer Bank
Type 2 diabetes
linked with obesity and insufficient exercise
characterized by insulin deficiency
typically develops in adulthood
characterized by insulin unresponsiveness
typically develops during childhood
an autoimmune disease
Draw the structure of the dipeptide
Gly-lle at physiological
pH
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1QCh. 3 - Prob. 2QCh. 3 - Prob. 3QCh. 3 - Prob. 4QCh. 3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 3 - Prob. 2RQCh. 3 - Prob. 3RQCh. 3 - Prob. 4RQCh. 3 - Prob. 5RQCh. 3 - Prob. 6RQ
Ch. 3 - Prob. 7RQCh. 3 - Prob. 8RQCh. 3 - Prob. 9RQCh. 3 - Prob. 10RQCh. 3 - Prob. 11RQCh. 3 - Prob. 12RQCh. 3 - Prob. 13RQCh. 3 - Prob. 14RQCh. 3 - Prob. 15RQCh. 3 - Prob. 16RQCh. 3 - Prob. 17RQCh. 3 - Prob. 18RQCh. 3 - Prob. 19RQCh. 3 - Prob. 20RQCh. 3 - Prob. 21RQCh. 3 - Prob. 22RQCh. 3 - Prob. 23RQCh. 3 - Prob. 24RQCh. 3 - Prob. 25RQCh. 3 - Prob. 26RQCh. 3 - Prob. 27RQCh. 3 - Prob. 28RQCh. 3 - Prob. 29RQCh. 3 - Prob. 30RQCh. 3 - Prob. 31RQCh. 3 - Prob. 32RQCh. 3 - Prob. 33RQCh. 3 - Prob. 34RQCh. 3 - Prob. 35RQCh. 3 - Prob. 36FBCh. 3 - Prob. 37FBCh. 3 - Prob. 38FBCh. 3 - Prob. 39FBCh. 3 - Prob. 40FBCh. 3 - Prob. 41FBCh. 3 - Prob. 42FBCh. 3 - Prob. 43FBCh. 3 - Prob. 44FBCh. 3 - Prob. 45FBCh. 3 - Prob. 46SACh. 3 - Prob. 47SACh. 3 - Prob. 48SACh. 3 - Prob. 49SACh. 3 - Prob. 50SACh. 3 - Prob. 51TQCh. 3 - Prob. 52TQCh. 3 - Prob. 53TQCh. 3 - Prob. 54TQCh. 3 - Prob. 55TQCh. 3 - Prob. 56TQCh. 3 - Prob. 57TQCh. 3 - Prob. 58TQCh. 3 - Prob. 59TQCh. 3 - Prob. 60TQCh. 3 - Prob. 61TQCh. 3 - Prob. 62TQCh. 3 - Prob. 63TQCh. 3 - Prob. 64TQCh. 3 - Prob. 65TQCh. 3 - Prob. 66TQCh. 3 - Prob. 67TQCh. 3 - Prob. 68TQCh. 3 - Prob. 69TQCh. 3 - Prob. 70TQCh. 3 - Prob. 71TQCh. 3 - Prob. 72TQCh. 3 - Prob. 73TQCh. 3 - Prob. 74TQCh. 3 - Prob. 75TQCh. 3 - Prob. 76TQ
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- Identify 6 the figure belowarrow_forward3) b) c) NH2 HO. and ΝΗ NH2 HO.arrow_forwardOne of the codons for Alanine is 5’GCA3’. Which of the following tRNA sequences base pairs with this codon? 5’GCA3’ 5’ACG3’ 5’UGC3’ 5’CGU3’ Select Any that Apply Which of the following protein factors hydrolyses GTP? IF-1 IF-2 IF-3 EF-Tu EF-G EF-Ts RF1 RF2 Question 4 Question 4 1 Point What is a mRNA that codes for a single protein called? Blank 1arrow_forward
- 5.) Draw Gly-Phe-Lys-Lys as it would appear at pH 1 Explain your answer thoroughly.arrow_forward3. Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below H H H H OH 0 H 0 CH₂OH H CH₂OH OH H 0 H CH₂OH о H H H OH OH H OH H OH OH OH H OH OH H OH OH OH CH₂OH 1 H H H Harrow_forward3. Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below H H H H OH 0 H 0 CH₂OH H CH₂OH OH H 0 H CH₂OH о H H H OH OH H OH H OH OH OH H OH OH H OH OH OH CH₂OH 1 H H H Harrow_forward
- Apply your knowledge Why are monosaccharides highly soluble in water? Why do monosaccharides have high boiling and melting points? Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below 9 Reducing & non - reducing sugars ( Learning goal 5) A classification that helps differentiate monosaccharides Reducing sugars Also known as aldoses. E. g. glucose Changes Benedicts solution from ) blue to redarrow_forwardBook problem 28-22: Human and horse insulin both have two polypeptide chains, with one chain containing 21 amino acids and the other containing 30 amino acids. They differ in primary structure at two places. At position 9 in one chain, human insulin has Ser and horse insulin has Gly; at position 30 in the other chain, human insulin has Thr and horse insulin has Ala. How must the DNA for the two insulins differ? Book problem 28-24: The codon UAA stops protein synthesis. Why does the sequence UAA in the following stretch of mRNA not cause any problems? Provide a 1-2 sentence response. -GCA-UUC-GAG-GUA-ACG-CCC- For what amino acids do the following ribonucleotide triplets code?arrow_forwardHow might valganciclovir interfere with dna synthesisarrow_forward
- A. Piefly summarize the process of transcription. Include in your summary a list of at least 2 proteins that are involved in transcription. Your summary should be 2-3 sentences long. B. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides such as the ones discussed in this paper are designed to bind specific sites on DNA. These types of polyamides can be used to inhibit transcription. a. Explain in 1-2 sentences how a molecule that binds to a specific DNA sequence could inhibit transcription. b. Many types of cancer are caused by problems with transcription. Explain in 1-2 sentences why a molecule like a polyamide would be better for treating a cancer caused by mis-regulations in transcription than a molecule that inhibits the functionality of RNA polymerase II. (Hint, think about side effects). C. A chemist made a similar molecule but rather than using pyrroles and imidazoles, they just used cyclopentane molecules. Would this molecule bind DNA as efficiently as the original polyamide? Explain your answer in…arrow_forwardExplain #8 a&b thoroughly. DRAW the structures below (neatly, please): a. an ionic bond between Asp and Arg side chainsb. hydrophobic interactions between Trp and Val side chainsarrow_forwardExplain question #6 thoroughly. In an aqueous environment will the following peptide fragment more likely be buried inside a globular protein or on its surface? Explain.arrow_forward
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