Chapter 3, Problem 58E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given ions are to be placed in decreasing order of size.

Concept introduction: The ionic size depends on the number of electrons transferred. The atomic size of cations is smaller than anions. Also the size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by accepting electrons.

To determine: The decreasing order of size of ions $\text{V}{\text{,V}}^{2+}{\text{,V}}^{3+},{\text{V}}^{5+}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given ions are to be placed in decreasing order of size.

Concept introduction: The ionic size depends on the number of electrons transferred. The atomic size of cations is smaller than anions. Also the size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by accepting electrons.

To determine: The decreasing order of size of ions ${\text{Na}}^{+}{\text{,K}}^{+}{\text{,Rb}}^{+}\text{and}{\text{Cs}}^{+}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given ions are to be placed in decreasing order of size.

Concept introduction: The ionic size depends on the number of electrons transferred. The atomic size of cations is smaller than anions. Also the size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by accepting electrons.

To determine: The decreasing order of size of ions ${\text{Te}}^{2-}{\text{,I}}^{-}{\text{,Cs}}^{+},{\text{Ba}}^{2+}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given ions are to be placed in decreasing order of size.

Concept introduction: The ionic size depends on the number of electrons transferred. The atomic size of cations is smaller than anions. Also the size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by accepting electrons.

To determine: The decreasing order of size of ions $\text{P}\text{,}{\text{P}}^{-}\text{,}{\text{P}}^{2-},{\text{P}}^{3-}$.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given ions are to be placed in decreasing order of size.

Concept introduction: The ionic size depends on the number of electrons transferred. The atomic size of cations is smaller than anions. Also the size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by accepting electrons.

To determine: The decreasing order of size of ions ${\text{O}}^{2-},{\text{S}}^{-},{\text{Se}}^{2-},{\text{Te}}^{2-}$.