Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
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Chapter 3, Problem 117E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of of sulfur difluoride

(a)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

Sulfur belongs to the Group VI , the oxidation state of sulfur is +2 .

Fluorine is a non-metal of the 7th group.

Oxidation state =Groupnumber8=78=1

In SF2 sulfur is cation and fluorine is mono-atomic anion. Here the oxidation state of sulfur is +2 because total charge on anion is 2 . Since compound should be electrically neutral, the formula of the given compound is SF2

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of sulfur hexafluoride

(b)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

Sulfur belongs to the Group VI , the oxidation state of sulfur is +2,+4,+6 .

Fluorine is a non-metal of the 7th group.

Oxidation state =Groupnumber8=78=1

In SF6 sulfur is cation and fluorine is mono-atomic anion. Here the oxidation state of sulfur is +6 because total charge on anion is 6 . Since compound should be electrically neutral, the formula of the given compound is SF6

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of NaH2PO4

(c)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

Sodium belongs to the Group I , hence the oxidation state of sodium is +1 .

Dihydrogen phosphate is an anion having oxidation state 1

So, the formula of the given compound is NaH2PO4

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of lithium nitride

(d)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

Lithium belongs to the Group I , the oxidation state of lithium is +1 .

Nitrogen is a non-metal of the Vth group.

Oxidation state =Groupnumber8=58=3

So, the formula of the given compound is Li3N

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of chromium (III) carbonate.

(e)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

Chromium belongs to the Group VI , the oxidation state of chromium is +3 .

Carbonate is an anion having oxidation state 2

So, the formula of the given compound is Cr2(CO3)3

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of tin (II) fluoride.

(f)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

Tin belongs to the Group 14 , the oxidation state of tin is +2 .

Fluorine is a non-metal of the 7th group.

Oxidation state =Groupnumber8=78=1

So, the formula of the given compound is SnF2

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of ammonium acetate.

(g)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

The oxidation state of ammonium (NH4) is +1 .

Acetate (CH3COO) is an anion having oxidation state 1

So, the formula of the given compound is CH3COONH4

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of ammonium hydrogen sulfate.

(h)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

The oxidation state of ammonium (NH4) is +1 .

Hydrogen sulfate (HSO4) is an anion having oxidation state 1

So, the formula of the given compound is NH4HSO4

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of cobalt (III) nitrate.

(i)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

The oxidation state of cobalt (Co) is +3 .

Nitrate (NO3) is an anion having oxidation state 1

So, the formula of the given compound is Co(NO3)3

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of mercury (I) chloride.

(j)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

The oxidation state of mercury (Hg) is +1 .

Chloride (Cl) is an anion having oxidation state 1

Two mercury and chlorine ions is joined to form mercury (I) chloride.

So, the formula of the given compound is Hg2Cl2

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of potassium chlorate.

(k)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

The oxidation state of potassium (K) is +1 .

Chlorate (ClO3) is an anion having oxidation state 1

So, the formula of the given compound is KClO3

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of the binary compound formed from the given pairs of elements in each case is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The oxidation state of an element corresponds to the group number of that element. In case of non-metals, the oxidation state can be calculated as, group number8 . While naming an ionic compound, the cation is named first followed by the naming of the anion. If the cation exhibits more than one oxidation state then the current oxidation state of the cation is to be mentioned.

To determine: The formula of sodium hydride.

(l)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

The oxidation state of sodium (Na) is +1 .

Hydride (H) is an anion having oxidation state 1

So, the formula of the given compound is NaH

Conclusion

The formula of ionic compound is given such that positive ion (cation) always written first and negative ion written second.

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

Ch. 3 - How would you name HBrO4, KIO3, NaBrO2, and HIO?...Ch. 3 - Explain the electronegativity trends across a row...Ch. 3 - The ionic compound AB is formed. The charges on...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3ALQCh. 3 - The bond energy for a CH bond is about 413 kJ/mol...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5ALQCh. 3 - Which has the greater bond lengths: NO2 or NO3?...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7ALQCh. 3 - The second electron affinity values for both...Ch. 3 - What is meant by a chemical bond? Why do atoms...Ch. 3 - Why are some bonds ionic and some covalent?Ch. 3 - Prob. 11ALQCh. 3 - Prob. 12ALQCh. 3 - Prob. 13ALQCh. 3 - Why do we call Ba(NO3)2 barium nitrate, but we...Ch. 3 - Prob. 15ALQCh. 3 - Prob. 16ALQCh. 3 - Compare and contrast the bonding found in the...Ch. 3 - Describe the type of bonding that exists in the...Ch. 3 - Some of the important properties of ionic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 21QCh. 3 - Distinguish between the following terms. a....Ch. 3 - What is the electronegativity trend? Where does...Ch. 3 - Prob. 24QCh. 3 - In general the higher the charge on the ions in an...Ch. 3 - Combustion reactions of fossil fuels provide most...Ch. 3 - Which of the following statements is/are true?...Ch. 3 - Three resonance structures can be drawn for CO2...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QCh. 3 - Prob. 30QCh. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict the order of...Ch. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict the order of...Ch. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict which bond in each...Ch. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict which bond in each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35ECh. 3 - Prob. 36ECh. 3 - Which of the following incorrectly shows the bond...Ch. 3 - Indicate the bond polarity (show the partial...Ch. 3 - Predict the type of bond (ionic, covalent, or...Ch. 3 - List all the possible bonds that can occur between...Ch. 3 - Hydrogen has an electronegativity value between...Ch. 3 - Rank the following bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Would you expect each of the following atoms to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 44ECh. 3 - Prob. 45ECh. 3 - Prob. 46ECh. 3 - Predict the empirical formulas of the ionic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 48ECh. 3 - Write electron configurations for a. the cations...Ch. 3 - Write electron configurations for a. the cations...Ch. 3 - Which of the following ions have noble gas...Ch. 3 - What noble gas has the same electron configuration...Ch. 3 - Give the formula of a negative ion that would have...Ch. 3 - Prob. 54ECh. 3 - Give three ions that are isoelectronic with neon....Ch. 3 - Consider the ions Sc3+, Cl, K+, Ca2+, and S2....Ch. 3 - Prob. 57ECh. 3 - Prob. 58ECh. 3 - Which compound in each of the following pairs of...Ch. 3 - Which compound in each of the following pairs of...Ch. 3 - Use the following data for potassium chloride to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 62ECh. 3 - Consider the following energy changes: E(kJ/mol)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 64ECh. 3 - Consider the following:...Ch. 3 - Prob. 66ECh. 3 - Rationalize the following lattice energy values:...Ch. 3 - The lattice energies of FeCl3, FeCl2, and Fe2O3...Ch. 3 - Prob. 69ECh. 3 - Prob. 70ECh. 3 - Prob. 71ECh. 3 - Acetic acid is responsible for the sour taste of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 73ECh. 3 - The major industrial source of hydrogen gas is by...Ch. 3 - Prob. 75ECh. 3 - Prob. 76ECh. 3 - Prob. 77ECh. 3 - Prob. 78ECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Prob. 83ECh. 3 - Lewis structures can be used to understand why...Ch. 3 - The most common exceptions to the octet rule are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 86ECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures for the following. Show all...Ch. 3 - Prob. 88ECh. 3 - Benzene (C6H6) consists of a six-membered ring of...Ch. 3 - Borazine (B3N3H6) has often been called inorganic...Ch. 3 - An important observation supporting the concept of...Ch. 3 - Consider the following bond lengths: CO143pmC9O123...Ch. 3 - A toxic cloud covered Bhopal, India, in December...Ch. 3 - Peroxyacetyl nitrate, or PAN, is present in...Ch. 3 - Order the following species with respect to...Ch. 3 - Place the species below in order of the shortest...Ch. 3 - Prob. 97ECh. 3 - Prob. 98ECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures for the species in Exercise...Ch. 3 - A common trait of simple organic compounds is to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 102ECh. 3 - Oxidation of the cyanide ion produces the stable...Ch. 3 - Prob. 104ECh. 3 - Name the compounds in parts ad and write the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 106ECh. 3 - Prob. 107ECh. 3 - Prob. 108ECh. 3 - Prob. 109ECh. 3 - Prob. 110ECh. 3 - Prob. 111ECh. 3 - Prob. 112ECh. 3 - Prob. 113ECh. 3 - Prob. 114ECh. 3 - Prob. 115ECh. 3 - Prob. 116ECh. 3 - Prob. 117ECh. 3 - Write the formula for each of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 119ECh. 3 - Write the formula for each of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 121ECh. 3 - Prob. 122ECh. 3 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - For each of the following, write an equation that...Ch. 3 - Prob. 125AECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures for CO32, HCO3, and H2CO3....Ch. 3 - Which member of the following pairs would you...Ch. 3 - What do each of the following sets of...Ch. 3 - Although both Br3 and I3 ions are known, the F3...Ch. 3 - Prob. 130AECh. 3 - Prob. 131AECh. 3 - Identify each of the following elements: a. a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 133AECh. 3 - Prob. 134AECh. 3 - When molten sulfur reacts with chlorine gas, a...Ch. 3 - The study of carbon-containing compounds and their...Ch. 3 - Prob. 137CWPCh. 3 - Prob. 138CWPCh. 3 - Complete the following table to predict whether...Ch. 3 - Prob. 140CWPCh. 3 - Prob. 141CWPCh. 3 - List the bonds PCl, PF, OF, and SiF from least...Ch. 3 - Arrange the atoms and/or ions in the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 144CWPCh. 3 - Prob. 145CWPCh. 3 - Which of the following compounds or ions exhibit...Ch. 3 - Prob. 147CPCh. 3 - Prob. 148CPCh. 3 - Given the following information: Energy of...Ch. 3 - Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps...Ch. 3 - Use data in this chapter (and Chapter 2) to...Ch. 3 - Three processes that have been used for the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 153CPCh. 3 - Prob. 154CPCh. 3 - Draw a Lewis structure for the N,...Ch. 3 - Cholesterol (C27H46O) has the following structure:...Ch. 3 - Consider the following computer-generated model of...Ch. 3 - For each of the following ions, indicate the total...Ch. 3 - Prob. 159IPCh. 3 - A polyatomic ion is composed of C, N, and an...
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