Interpretation: The elements corresponding to the given electronic configuration are to be identified; the identified elements are to be arranged in the increasing order of their electronegativity value.
Concept introduction: The number of electrons can be obtained from the electronic configuration of an element. The number of electrons is equal to the
Electronegativity can be defined as the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself.
To determine: The element corresponding to the given electron configurations and the correct arrangement of these elements in the increasing order of electronegativity.
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Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
- Calculate the second ionization energy of the metal M (AHion2 in kJ/mol) using the following data: Lattice enthalpy of MO(s), AH = -2278 kJ/mol Bond dissociation enthalpy of O2(g) = +498 kJ/mol First electron affinity of O = -141 kJ/mol Second electron affinity of O = +744 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation of M = + 125 kJ/mol First ionization energy of M = + 309 kJ/mol Standard enthalpy of formation of MO(s), AH = -341 kJ/molarrow_forward(c) Draw the orbital diagrams and Lewis symbols to depict the formation of Na* and CI ions from the atoms. Give the formula of the compound formed. (d) The predicted bond length for HF is 109 pm (the sum of the covalent radii of H, 37 pm and F. 72 pm), however the actual bond length for HF is shorter (92 pm). It was observed that the difference between predicted and actual bond lengths becomes smalleor going down the halogen group from HF to HI Describe these observationsarrow_forwardComplete the blanks in each column, as in the first example: Name of the Magnesium Lithium ion Sulfide ion particle atom charge 3+ condensed e [He]3s? [He]2s?2p? [Kr]5s?4d10 configuration atomic Lewis • Mg. :Cl: structurearrow_forward
- An important starting material for the manufacture ofpolyphosphazenes is the cyclic molecule (NPCl₂)₃. The mol-ecule has a symmetrical six-membered ring of alternating N and P atoms, with the Cl atoms bonded to the P atoms. The nitrogen-phosphorus bond length is significantly less than that expectedfor an N−P single bond.(a) Draw a likely Lewis structure for the molecule.(b) How many lone pairs of electrons do the ring atoms have?(c) What is the order of the nitrogen-phosphorus bond?arrow_forwardThe structure of sodium hyaluronate, a sodium salt of hyaluronic acid used in skincare products for its hydrating properties, is shown below. What is the shape of the bonds at (ii) ? Hint: atom (iii) has been completed for you as an example. (iii) bond angle: 109.5°, geometry of the electron pairs: tetrahedral, shape of the bonds: tetrahedral ОН, OH ·•·•·||||| N O H H Ol.. OH |||| iv + Naarrow_forwardCommon exceptions to the octet rule are compounds and polyatomic ions with central atoms having more than 8 electrons around them. Phosphorus pentafluoride, PF5; sulfur tetrafluoride, SF4; xenon tetrafluoride, XeF4; and tri-iodide ion, I3, are all examples of exceptions to the octet rule. (a) Draw the Lewis structures of these substances.(b) For which elements in these substances can theatoms have more than 8 electrons around them?(c) How can the atoms of the elements youidentified in Part (b) be surrounded by morethan 8 electrons?arrow_forward
- Identify the atoms that correspond to each of the following electron configurations. Then, write the Lewis symbol for the common ion formed from each atom: (a) 1s 22s 22p 5 (b) 1s 22s 22p 63s 2 (c) 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 64s 23d 10arrow_forwardDescribe the location of electrons; describe how electron placement determines chemical bonding, stability, and becoming an ionarrow_forwardThe HF bond length is 92 pm, 16% shorter than the sum of the covalent radii of H (37 pm) and F (72 pm). Suggest a reason for this difference. Similar data show that the difference becomes smaller down the group, from HF to HI. Explain.arrow_forward
- Write the electron configuration for each of the following ions and determine which one possess noble-gas configurations: (a) Sr2+; (b) Ti2+; (c) Se2-; (d) Ni2+; (e) Br-; (f) Mn3+.arrow_forwardState the type of bonding—ionic, covalent, or metallic—you would expect in each: (a) Cr(s); (b) H₂S(g); (c) CaO(s).arrow_forwardBecause they have a complete valence layer, high ionization energy and virtually zero electron affinity, it was long considered that noble gases would not form chemical compounds. However, in 1962, the reaction between xenon (5s25p6 valence layer) and platinum hexafluoride was successfully carried out and, since then, more new compounds of noble gases have been synthesized. Such compounds demonstrate that one cannot uncritically accept the octet rule, in which it is considered that, in a chemical bond, atoms tend to acquire stability by assuming the electronic configuration of noble gas. How many electrons are there in the last layer of the atom of this noble gas? a) 10 b) 14 c) 8 d) 12 e) 6arrow_forward
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