A First Course in Probability
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321794772
Author: Sheldon Ross
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 3.4P
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8.4.7 Use the data from Exercise 8.4.5 to compute the two-sided
Agresti-Coull CI on the proportion of digits read correctly.
Compare and discuss the relationship of this interval to the one
computed in Exercise 8.4.5.
8.6.5 Consider the fuel rod enrichment data described in Exercise 8.2.11. Compute a 90% prediction interval on the enrichment of the next rod tested. Compare the length of the prediction
interval with the length of the 99% CI on the population mean.
8.4.4 The Arizona Department of Transportation
wishes to survey state residents to determine what proportion of
the population would like to increase statewide highway speed
limits from 65 mph to 75 mph. How many residents does the
department need to survey if it wants to be at least 99% confident
that the sample proportion is within 0.05 of the true proportion?
8.4.5 The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) has used optical character
recognition (OCR) since the mid-1960s. In 1983, USPS began
deploying the technology to major post offices throughout the
country (www.britannica.com). Suppose that in a random sample
of 500 handwritten zip code digits, 466 were read correctly.
a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the true proportion of correct digits that can be automatically read.
b. What sample size is needed to reduce the margin of error
to 1%?
c. How would the answer to part (b) change if you had
to assume that the machine read only one-half of the digits
correctly?
Chapter 3 Solutions
A First Course in Probability
Ch. 3 - Two fair dice are rolled. What is the conditional...Ch. 3 - If two fair dice are rolled, what is the...Ch. 3 - Use Equation (2.1) to compute in a hand of bridge...Ch. 3 - What is the probability that at least one of a...Ch. 3 - An urn contains 6 white and 9 black balls. If 4...Ch. 3 - Consider an urn containing 12 balls, of which 8...Ch. 3 - The king comes from a family of 2 children. What...Ch. 3 - A couple has 2 children. What is the probability...Ch. 3 - Consider 3 urns. Urn A contains 2 white and 4 red...Ch. 3 - Three cards are randomly selected, without...
Ch. 3 - Two cards are randomly chosen without replacement...Ch. 3 - A recent college graduate is planning to take the...Ch. 3 - Suppose that an ordinary deck of 52 cards (which...Ch. 3 - An urn initially contains 5 white and 7 black...Ch. 3 - An ectopic pregnancy is twice as likely to develop...Ch. 3 - Ninety-eight percent of all babies survive...Ch. 3 - In a certain community, 36 percent of the families...Ch. 3 - A total of 46 percent of the voters in a certain...Ch. 3 - A total of 4.8 percent of the women and 37 percent...Ch. 3 - Fifty-two percent of the students at a certain...Ch. 3 - A total of 500 married working couples were polled...Ch. 3 - A red die, a blue die, and a yellow die (all six...Ch. 3 - Urn I contains 2 white and 4 red balls, whereas...Ch. 3 - Each of 2 balls is painted either black or gold...Ch. 3 - The following method was proposed to estimate the...Ch. 3 - Suppose that 5 percent of men and 0.25 percent of...Ch. 3 - All the workers at a certain company drive to work...Ch. 3 - Suppose that an ordinary deck of 52 cards is...Ch. 3 - There are 15 tennis balls in a box, of which 9...Ch. 3 - Consider two boxes, one containing 1 black and 1...Ch. 3 - Ms. Aquina has just had a biopsy on a possibly...Ch. 3 - A family has j children with probability pj, where...Ch. 3 - On rainy days, Joe is late to work with...Ch. 3 - In Example 31, suppose that the new evidence is...Ch. 3 - With probability .6, the present was hidden by...Ch. 3 - Stores A, B, and C have 50, 75, and 100 employees,...Ch. 3 - a. A gambler has a fair coin and a two-headed coin...Ch. 3 - Urn A has 5 white and 7 black balls. Urn B has 3...Ch. 3 - In Example 3a, what is the probability that...Ch. 3 - Consider a sample of size 3 drawn in the following...Ch. 3 - A deck of cards is shuffled and then divided into...Ch. 3 - Twelve percent of all U.S. households are In...Ch. 3 - There are 3 coins in a box. One is a two-headed...Ch. 3 - Three prisoners are informed by their jailer that...Ch. 3 - Suppose we have 10 coins such that if the ith coin...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.46PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.47PCh. 3 - Each of 2 cabinets identical n appearance has 2...Ch. 3 - Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer...Ch. 3 - Suppose that an insurance company classifies...Ch. 3 - A worker has asked her supervisor for a letter of...Ch. 3 - A high school student is anxiously waiting to...Ch. 3 - A parallel system functions whenever at least one...Ch. 3 - If you had to construct a mathematical model for...Ch. 3 - In a class, there are 4 first-year boys, 6...Ch. 3 - Suppose that you continually collect coupons and...Ch. 3 - A simplified model for the movement of the price...Ch. 3 - Suppose that we want to generate the outcome of...Ch. 3 - Independent flips of a coin that lands on heads...Ch. 3 - The color of a persons eyes is determined by a...Ch. 3 - Genes relating to albinism are denoted by A and a....Ch. 3 - Barbara and Dianne go target shooting Suppose that...Ch. 3 - A and B are involved in a duel. The rules of the...Ch. 3 - A true - false question is to be posed to a...Ch. 3 - Assume, as in Example 3h, that 64 percent of twins...Ch. 3 - The probability of the closing of the ith relay in...Ch. 3 - An engineering system consisting of n components...Ch. 3 - In Problem 3.70a, find the conditional probability...Ch. 3 - A certain organism possesses a pair of each of 5...Ch. 3 - There is a 50—50 chance that the queen carries...Ch. 3 - On the morning of September 30, 1982, the...Ch. 3 - A town council of 7 members contains a steering...Ch. 3 - Suppose that each child born to a couple is...Ch. 3 - A and B alternate rolling a pair of dice, stopping...Ch. 3 - In a certain village, it is traditional for the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.76PCh. 3 - Consider an unending sequence of independent...Ch. 3 - A and B play a series of games. Each game is...Ch. 3 - In successive rolls of a pair of fair dice, what...Ch. 3 - In a certain contest, the players are of equal...Ch. 3 - An investor owns shares in a stock whose present...Ch. 3 - A and B flip coins. A starts and continues...Ch. 3 - Die A has 4 red and 2 white faces, whereas die B...Ch. 3 - An urn contains 12 balls, of which 4 are white....Ch. 3 - Repeat Problem 3.87 when each of the 3 players...Ch. 3 - Let S={1,2,...,n} and suppose that A and B are,...Ch. 3 - Consider Example 2a, but now suppose that when the...Ch. 3 - In Example 5, what is the conditional probability...Ch. 3 - In Laplace s rule of succession (Example 5e ), are...Ch. 3 - A person tried by a 3-judge panel is declared...Ch. 3 - Suppose that n independent trials, each of which...Ch. 3 - Show that if P(A)0, then P(ABA)P(ABAB)Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.2TECh. 3 - Consider a school community of m families, with ni...Ch. 3 - A ball is in any one of n boxes and is in the ith...Ch. 3 - a. Prove that if E and F are mutually exclusive,...Ch. 3 - Prove that if E1,E2,...,En are independent events,...Ch. 3 - a. An urn contains n white and m black balls. The...Ch. 3 - Let A, B, and C, be events relating to the...Ch. 3 - Consider two independent tosses of a fair coin....Ch. 3 - Two percent of women age 45 who participate in...Ch. 3 - In each of n independent tosses of a coin, the...Ch. 3 - Show that 0ai1,i=1,2,..., then...Ch. 3 - The probability of getting a head on a single toss...Ch. 3 - Suppose that you are gambling against an...Ch. 3 - Independent trials that result in a success with...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.16TECh. 3 - Prob. 3.17TECh. 3 - Let Q. denote the probability that no run of 3...Ch. 3 - Consider the gamblers ruin problem, with the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.20TECh. 3 - The Ballot Problem. In an election, candidate A...Ch. 3 - As a simplified model for weather forecasting,...Ch. 3 - A bag contains a white and b black balls. Balls...Ch. 3 - A round-robin tournament of n contestants is a...Ch. 3 - Prove directly thatP(EF)=P(EFG)P(GF)+P(EFGC)P(GCF)Ch. 3 - Prove the equivalence of Equations (5.11) and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.27TECh. 3 - Prove or give a counterexample, if E1 and E2 are...Ch. 3 - In Laplaces rule of succession (Example 5e ), show...Ch. 3 - In Laplaces rule of succession (Example 5e),...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.31TECh. 3 - In a game of bridge, West has no aces What is the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.2STPECh. 3 - How can 20 balls, 10 white and 10 black, be put...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.4STPECh. 3 - An urn has r red and w white balls that are...Ch. 3 - An urn contains b black balls and r red balls. One...Ch. 3 - A friend randomly chooses two cards, without...Ch. 3 - Show that P(HE)P(GE)=P(H)P(G)P(EH)P(EG). Suppose...Ch. 3 - You ask your neighbor to water a sickly plant...Ch. 3 - Six balls are to be randomly chosen from an urn...Ch. 3 - A type C battery is in working condition with...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.12STPECh. 3 - Balls are randomly removed from an urn that...Ch. 3 - A coin having probability .8 of landing on heads...Ch. 3 - In a certain species of rats, black dominates over...Ch. 3 - a. In Problem 3.70b, find the probability that a...Ch. 3 - For the k-out-of-n system described in Problem...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.18STPECh. 3 - Prob. 3.19STPECh. 3 - Suppose that there are n possible outcomes of a...Ch. 3 - If A flips vand B flips n fair coins, show that...Ch. 3 - Prove or give counterexamples to the following...Ch. 3 - Let A and B be events having positive probability....Ch. 3 - Rank the following from most likely to least...Ch. 3 - Two local factories, A and B, produce radios. Each...Ch. 3 - Show that if P(AB)=1, then P(BCAC)=1Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.27STPECh. 3 - A total of 2n cards, of which 2 are aces, are to...Ch. 3 - There are n distinct types of coupons, and each...Ch. 3 - Show that for any events E and F,P(EEF)P(EF) Hint:...Ch. 3 - There is a 60 percent chance that event A will...
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- 8.6.4 Consider the test on the compressive strength of concrete described in Exercise 8.2.9. Compute a 90% prediction interval on the next specimen of concrete tested. 8.6.5 . SS Consider the fuel rod enrichment data described in Exercise 8.2.11. Compute a 90% prediction interval on the enrichment of the next rod tested. Compare the length of the prediction interval with the length of the 99% CI on the population mean.arrow_forwardAnswer questions 8S10 and 8S11 respectively.arrow_forward8.4.6 Information on a packet of seeds claims that 93% of them will germinate. Of the 200 seeds that were planted, only 180 germinated. a. Find a 95% confidence interval for the true proportion of seeds that germinate based on this sample. b. Does this seem to provide evidence that the claim is wrong? 8.6.1 Consider the tire-testing data described in Exercise 8.2.3. Compute a 95% prediction interval on the life of the next tire of this type tested under conditions that are similar to those employed in the original test. Compare the length of the prediction interval with the length of the 95% CI on the population mean.arrow_forward
- Answer questions 8.3.1 and 8.3.2 respectivelyarrow_forward8.2.7 The brightness of a television picture tube can be evaluated by measuring the amount of current required to achieve a particular brightness level. A sample of 10 tubes results in x = 317.2 and s = 15.7. Find (in microamps) a 99% confidence interval on mean current required. State any necessary assumptions about the underlying distribution of the data. 8.2.8 An article in the Journal of Composite Materials (December 1989, Vol. 23(12), pp. 1200–1215) describes the effect of delamination on the natural frequency of beams made from composite laminates. Five such delaminated beams were subjected to loads, and the resulting frequencies (in hertz) were as follows: 230.66, 233.05, 232.58, 229.48, 232.58 Check the assumption of normality in the population. Calculate a 90% two-sided confidence interval on mean natural frequency.arrow_forward8.2.5 An article in Obesity Research [“Impaired Pressure Natriuresis in Obese Youths” (2003, Vol. 11, pp. 745–751)] described a study in which all meals were provided for 14 lean boys for three days followed by one stress test (with a video-game task). The average systolic blood pressure (SBP) during the test was 118.3 mm HG with a standard deviation of 9.9 mm HG. Construct a 99% one-sided upper confidence interval for mean SBP. 8.2.6 An article in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise [“Maximal Leg-Strength Training Improves Cycling Economy in Previously Untrained Men” (2005, Vol. 37, pp. 131–136)] studied cycling performance before and after 8 weeks of leg-strength training. Seven previously untrained males performed leg-strength training 3 days per week for 8 weeks (with four sets of five replications at 85% of one repetition maximum). Peak power during incremental cycling increased to a mean of 315 watts with a standard deviation of 16 watts. Construct a 95% confidence…arrow_forward
- they take? 8.1.13 WP GO Tutorial An article in the Journal of Agricultural Science ["The Use of Residual Maximum Likelihood to Model Grain Quality Characteristics of Wheat with Variety, Climatic and Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects” (1997, Vol. 128, pp. 135–142)] investigated means of wheat grain crude protein content (CP) and Hagberg falling number (HFN) surveyed in the United Kingdom. The analysis used a variety of nitrogen fertilizer applications (kg N/ha), temperature (°C), and total monthly rainfall (mm). The following data below describe temperatures for wheat grown at Harper Adams Agricultural College between 1982 and 1993. The temperatures measured in June were obtained as follows: 15.2 14.2 14.0 12.2 14.4 12.5 14.3 14.2 13.5 11.8 15.2 Assume that the standard deviation is known to be σ = 0.5. a. Construct a 99% two-sided confidence interval on the mean temperature. b. Construct a 95% lower-confidence bound on the mean temperature. c. Suppose that you wanted to be 95% confident that…arrow_forward8.1.1 WP For a normal population with known variance σ², answer the following questions: - a. What is the confidence level for the interval x — 2.140/ √√n≤≤+2.140/√√n?arrow_forward8.1.8 A civil engineer is analyzing the compressives trength of concrete. Compressive strength is normally distributed with σ2 = 1000(psi)2. A random sample of 12 specimens has a mean compressive strength ofx = 3250 psi. a. Construct a 95% two-sided confidence interval on mean compressive strength. b. Construct a 99% two-sided confidence interval on mean compressive strength. Compare the width of this confidence interval with the width of the one found in part (a). 8.1.9Suppose that in Exercise 8.1.8 it is desired to estimate the compressive strength with an error that is less than 15 psi at 99% confidence. What sample size is required?arrow_forward
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