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(a)
Interpretation:
The group number of the given electron-dot symbol should be stated.
Concept Introduction:
In an electron-dot symbol, dots represent the valence electrons around the elemental symbol.
When understanding an electron-dot symbol of an element, below facts should be considered;
- Each dot represents 1 electron.
- The dots are placed on the four sides of the elemental symbol.
- For 1 to 4 valence electrons, single dots are used.
- For > 4 electrons, the dots are paired.
Valence electrons are the most loosely bound electrons of an element. They are in the outermost shell, or the valence shell. Chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table depend on the number of valence electrons of that element: For main group elements, the group number is also the number of valence electrons of the element.
(b)
Interpretation:
The charge of the ion formed by the given element should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
An atom of a main group element loses or gains electrons forming ions to obtain the electronic configuration of the noble gas closest to it in the periodic table.
Cations are formed by losing electrons; thus they have fewer electrons than protons and are positively charged.
Anions are formed by gaining electrons;thus they have more electrons than protons and are negatively charged.
E.g. Oxygen (O) atom has 8 electrons (
(c)
Interpretation:
The formula of an ionic compound formed byZ and sodium should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Ionic compounds are composed of cations and anions, which are tightly attracted to each other.
The sum of the charges in an ionic compound must be zero.
The formula for an ionic compound shows the ratio of ions that combine to give zero charge.
When cations and anions have different charges, the number of cations and anions differ so that the overall charge of the ionic compound be zero.
As an example, see the formulae of NaCl and MgCl2.
(d)
Interpretation:
The formula of an ionic compound formed byZ and magnesium should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Ionic compounds are composed of cations and anions, which are tightly attracted to each other.
The sum of the charges in an ionic compound must always be zero.
The formula for an ionic compound shows the ratio of ions that combine to give zero charge.
When cations and anions have different charges, the number of cations and anions differ so that the overall charge of the ionic compound be zero.
As an example, see the formulae of NaCl and MgCl2.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
- The following 'H NMR spectrum was taken with a 750 MHz spectrometer: 1.0 0.5 0.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 ' 2.0 1.0 0.0 (ppm) What is the difference Av in the frequency of RF ac Δν ac radiation absorbed by the a and c protons? (Note: it's not equal to the difference in chemical shifts.) Round your answer to 2 significant digits, and be sure it has an appropriate unit symbol. = O O a will shift left, c will shift right. O a will shift right, c will shift left. a and c will both shift left, with more space between them. Suppose a new spectrum is taken with a 500 MHz spectrometer. What will be true about this new spectrum? O a and c will both shift left, with less space between them. O a and c will both shift right, with more space between them. O a and c will both shift right, with less space between them. Which protons have the largest energy gap between spin up and spin down states? O None of the above. ○ a Ob Explanation Check C Ar B 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved.…arrow_forwardWhat mass of Na2CO3 must you add to 125g of water to prepare 0.200 m Na2CO3? Calculate mole fraction of Na2CO3, mass percent, and molarity of the resulting solution. MM (g/mol): Na2CO3 105.99; water 18.02. Final solution density is 1.04 g/mL.arrow_forward(ME EX2) Prblms Can you please explain problems to me in detail, step by step? Thank you so much! If needed color code them for me.arrow_forward
- Experiment #8 Electrical conductivity & Electrolytes. Conductivity of solutions FLINN Scientific Scale RED LED Green LED LED Conductivity 0 OFF OFF 1 Dim OFF 2 medium OFF 3 Bright Dim Low or Nowe Low Medium High 4 Very Bright Medium nd very high AA Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ SE=Strong Electrolyte, FE = Fair Electrolyte CWE = Weak Electrolyte, NE= Noni Electrolyte, #Solutions 1 0.1 M NaCl 2/1x 102 M NaCl, 3/1X103 M Nall Can Prediction M Observed Conductivity Very bright red Bright red Dim red you help me understand how I'm supposed to find the predictions of the following solutions? I know this is an Ionic compound and that the more ions in a solution means it is able to carry a charge, right? AAAA Darrow_forward(SE EX 2) Prblsm 4-7: Can you please explain problems 4-7 and color code if needed for me. (step by step) detail explanationsarrow_forward(SE EX 2) Problems 8-11, can you please explain them to me in detail and color-code anything if necessary?arrow_forward
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