Chapter 3, Problem 3.101EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In the given periodic table, how many elements those are highlighted which represent representative elements have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Elements in the periodic table are classified in several different ways and out of them two most common systems are,

• System based on the physical properties in which they are classified as metals and nonmetals.
• System based on electronic configuration in which they are classified as noble-gas, representative elements, transition elements, or inner-transition elements.

Noble-gas elements are the ones that are located in far right of periodic table.  The physical state of these elements at room temperature is gas.  The noble gases have their electronic configuration ending with $p^6$ apart from helium, which has the electronic configuration as $1s^2$.

Representative elements are the ones that are in s area and area of the periodic table.  They have partially filled s subshell or p subshell in their electronic configurations.  Some of the elements are nonmetals while others are metals.

Transition elements are the ones that are located in d area of periodic table.  They have the distinguishing electrons in their d subshell.  All the transition elements are metals.

Inner transition elements are the ones that are located in f area of the periodic table.  They have the distinguishing electrons in their f subshell.  All inner transition elements are metals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In the given periodic table, how many elements those are highlighted which represent noble gases has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Elements in the periodic table are classified in several different ways and out of them two most common systems are,

• System based on the physical properties in which they are classified as metals and nonmetals.
• System based on electronic configuration in which they are classified as noble-gas, representative elements, transition elements, or inner-transition elements.

Noble-gas elements are the ones that are located in far right of periodic table.  The physical state of these elements at room temperature is gas.  The noble gases have their electronic configuration ending with $p^6$ apart from helium, which has the electronic configuration as $1s^2$.

Representative elements are the ones that are in s area and area of the periodic table.  They have partially filled s subshell or p subshell in their electronic configurations.  Some of the elements are nonmetals while others are metals.

Transition elements are the ones that are located in d area of periodic table.  They have the distinguishing electrons in their d subshell.  All the transition elements are metals.

Inner transition elements are the ones that are located in f area of the periodic table.  They have the distinguishing electrons in their f subshell.  All inner transition elements are metals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In the given periodic table, how many elements those are highlighted which represent nonmetallic representative elements have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Elements in the periodic table are classified in several different ways and out of them two most common systems are,

• System based on the physical properties in which they are classified as metals and nonmetals.
• System based on electronic configuration in which they are classified as noble-gas, representative elements, transition elements, or inner-transition elements.

Noble-gas elements are the ones that are located in far right of periodic table.  The physical state of these elements at room temperature is gas.  The noble gases have their electronic configuration ending with $p^6$ apart from helium, which has the electronic configuration as $1s^2$.

Representative elements are the ones that are in s area and area of the periodic table.  They have partially filled s subshell or p subshell in their electronic configurations.  Some of the elements are nonmetals while others are metals.

Transition elements are the ones that are located in d area of periodic table.  They have the distinguishing electrons in their d subshell.  All the transition elements are metals.

Inner transition elements are the ones that are located in f area of the periodic table.  They have the distinguishing electrons in their f subshell.  All inner transition elements are metals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In the given periodic table, how many elements those are highlighted which represent metals have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Elements in the periodic table are classified in several different ways and out of them two most common systems are,

• System based on the physical properties in which they are classified as metals and nonmetals.
• System based on electronic configuration in which they are classified as noble-gas, representative elements, transition elements, or inner-transition elements.

Noble-gas elements are the ones that are located in far right of periodic table.  The physical state of these elements at room temperature is gas.  The noble gases have their electronic configuration ending with $p^6$ apart from helium, which has the electronic configuration as $1s^2$.

Representative elements are the ones that are in s area and area of the periodic table.  They have partially filled s subshell or p subshell in their electronic configurations.  Some of the elements are nonmetals while others are metals.

Transition elements are the ones that are located in d area of periodic table.  They have the distinguishing electrons in their d subshell.  All the transition elements are metals.

Inner transition elements are the ones that are located in f area of the periodic table.  They have the distinguishing electrons in their f subshell.  All inner transition elements are metals.