Chapter 3, Problem 1CC

Complete the following table to help you review the structures and functions of the four classes of organic molecules.

Summary Introduction

To create: The concept map to review the structures and functions of the four classes of organic molecules.

Introduction: The four classes of molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are important to sustain the life. Carbohydrates serve as a fuel and building material for cellsand tissues. Lipid comprises a diverse group of molecules. It does not mix with water. A protein is a polymer of amino acids. It is structurally and functionally most complex and varied. Nucleic acid is the genetic material that consists of a polynucleotide.

Answer to Problem 1CC

The given map gives a concept check in nutshell to review the structures and functions of the four classes of organic molecules.

Pictorial representation: Fig. 1 shows the completed concept map of structures and functions of the four classes of organic molecules.

Fig.1: Concept map of the structures and functions of the four classes of organic molecules.

Explanation of Solution

a.

Correct answer: Glucose

Explanation:  Glucose is the raw material from which cell will get energy. Hence, the correct answer is Glucose.

b.

Correct answer: Energy storage

Explanation:  The starch and glycogen is used as storage material of energy. Hence, the correct answer is energy storage.

c.

Correct answer: Cellulose

Explanation:  Cellulose is polysaccharides which is a polymer of glucose molecule. Hence, the correct answer is cellulose.

d.

Correct answer: Fats

Explanation:  Fats are a type of lipid.  It is composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Hence, the correct answer is fats.

e.

Correct answer: Cell membrane component

Explanation:  Cell is the outermost boundary of animal cell. It is made of phospholipid bilayer. Hence, the correct answer is cell membrane component.

f.

Correct answer: Steroids

Explanation:  Steroids are hormones such as estrogen. Hence, the correct answer is steroids.

g.

Correct answer: Amino group

Explanation:  Protein is made of amino acids. An amino acid contains amino group which is ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$. Hence, the correct answer is Amino group.

h.

Correct answer: Carboxylic group

Explanation:  Protein is made of amino acids. An amino acid contains carboxylic group which is $\text{COOH}$. Hence, the correct answer is carboxylic group.

i.

Correct answer: R group

Explanation:  Protein is made of amino acids. An amino acid contains a side group which is called R group. Hence, the correct answer is R group.

j.

Correct answer: Enzyme

Explanation:  Proteins have broad functions such as enzymes, structural proteins, transport, movement, defense, and storage. Lactase is an enzyme used for breakdown of lactose molecule. Hence, the correct answer is Enzyme.

k.

Correct answer: Structural proteins

Explanation:  Proteins have broad functions such as enzymes, structural proteins, transport, movement, defense, and storage. Hair and tendons are structural proteins. Hence, the correct answer is structural proteins.

l.

Correct answer: Movement

Explanation:  Muscle is a protein that helps in movement. Hence, the correct answer is movement.

m.

Correct answer: Membrane transport protein

Explanation:  Membrane transport protein helps in transport of different molecules across the membrane. Hence, the correct answer is Membrane transport protein.

n.

Correct answer: Defense

Explanation:  Signal protein helps in communication. Antibodies are immunoglobulin protein that helps in body defense. Hence, the correct answer is defense.

o.

Correct answer: Phosphate group

Explanation:  Nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of phosphate group, sugar and nitrogenous base. Hence, the correct answer is phosphate group.

p.

Correct answer: Nitrogenous base

Explanation:  Nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of phosphate group, sugar and nitrogenous base. Hence, the correct answer is nitrogenous base.

q.

Correct answer: Ribose or deoxyribose

Explanation:  Nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of phosphate group, sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) and nitrogenous base. Hence, the correct answer is ribose or deoxyribose.

r.

Correct answer: DNA

Explanation:  Nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material. Hence, the correct answer is DNA.

s.

Correct answer: Code for protein

Explanation:  Nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. DNA and RNA have information to code for protein. Hence, the correct answer is code for protein.