Mental Health The ε 4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) is strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease, but its value in making the diagnosis remains uncertain. A study was conducted among 2188 patients who were evaluated at autopsy for Alzheimer’s disease by previously established pathological criteria [16]. Patients were also evaluated clinically for the presence of Alzheimer’s disease. The data in Table 3.15 were presented. Suppose the pathological diagnosis is considered the gold standard for Alzheimer’s disease. To possibly improve on the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease, information on both the APOE genotype as well as the clinical diagnosis were considered. The data are presented in Table 3.16. Suppose we consider the combination of both a clinical diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease and the presence of ≥ 1 ε 4 allele as a screening test for Alzheimer’s disease. Table 3.15 Relationship between clinical and pathological diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease Table 3.16 Influence of the APOE genotype in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) What is the specificity of this test?
Mental Health The ε 4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) is strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease, but its value in making the diagnosis remains uncertain. A study was conducted among 2188 patients who were evaluated at autopsy for Alzheimer’s disease by previously established pathological criteria [16]. Patients were also evaluated clinically for the presence of Alzheimer’s disease. The data in Table 3.15 were presented. Suppose the pathological diagnosis is considered the gold standard for Alzheimer’s disease. To possibly improve on the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease, information on both the APOE genotype as well as the clinical diagnosis were considered. The data are presented in Table 3.16. Suppose we consider the combination of both a clinical diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease and the presence of ≥ 1 ε 4 allele as a screening test for Alzheimer’s disease. Table 3.15 Relationship between clinical and pathological diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease Table 3.16 Influence of the APOE genotype in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) What is the specificity of this test?
Solution Summary: The author explains that the specificity of the test is 0.842.
The ε4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) is strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease, but its value in making the diagnosis remains uncertain. A study was conducted among 2188 patients who were evaluated at autopsy for Alzheimer’s disease by previously established pathological criteria [16]. Patients were also evaluated clinically for the presence of Alzheimer’s disease. The data in Table 3.15 were presented.
Suppose the pathological diagnosis is considered the gold standard for Alzheimer’s disease.
To possibly improve on the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease, information on both the APOE genotype as well as the clinical diagnosis were considered. The data are presented in Table 3.16.
Suppose we consider the combination of both a clinical diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease and the presence of ≥ 1 ε4 allele as a screening test for Alzheimer’s disease.
Table 3.15 Relationship between clinical and pathological diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease
Table 3.16 Influence of the APOE genotype in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
To: [Boss's Name]
From: Nathaniel D Sain
Date: 4/5/2025
Subject: Decision Analysis for Business Scenario
Introduction to the Business Scenario
Our delivery services business has been experiencing steady growth, leading to an
increased demand for faster and more efficient deliveries. To meet this demand,
we must decide on the best strategy to expand our fleet. The three possible
alternatives under consideration are purchasing new delivery vehicles, leasing
vehicles, or partnering with third-party drivers. The decision must account for
various external factors, including fuel price fluctuations, demand stability, and
competition growth, which we categorize as the states of nature. Each alternative
presents unique advantages and challenges, and our goal is to select the most
viable option using a structured decision-making approach.
Alternatives and States of Nature
The three alternatives for fleet expansion were chosen based on their cost
implications, operational efficiency, and…
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