a) The H-Cl bond length is 136pm. What would be the dipole moment of H-Cl be if the molecule were 100% ionic, H + Cl - ? Interpretation: Assuming H-Cl to be 100% ionic its dipole moment is to be calculated. Its bond length is given as 136pm. Concept introduction: Dipole moment is defined as, µ=Qxr Where, Q=Magnitude of the charge developed at either end of the dipole. R=The distance between the charges It is expressed in Debyes (D). 1 D=3.336x10 -30 C.m To determine: The dipole moment of H-Cl assuming it to be 100% ionic. Its bond length is given as 136pm.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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Question

Chapter 2.SE, Problem 31AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) The H-Cl bond length is 136pm. What would be the dipole moment of H-Cl be if the molecule were 100% ionic, H⁺Cl^-?

Interpretation:

Assuming H-Cl to be 100% ionic its dipole moment is to be calculated. Its bond length is given as 136pm.

Concept introduction:

Dipole moment is defined as, µ=Qxr

Where, Q=Magnitude of the charge developed at either end of the dipole.

R=The distance between the charges

It is expressed in Debyes (D). 1 D=3.336x10^-30C.m

To determine:

The dipole moment of H-Cl assuming it to be 100% ionic. Its bond length is given as 136pm.

Interpretation Introduction

b) The actual dipole moment of H-Cl is 1.08 D. What is the percent ionic character of the H-Cl bond.

Interpretation:

Actual dipole moment of H-Cl is given as 1.08 D. Its percent ionic character is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Assuming H-Cl to be 100% ionic and knowing the bond length, the dipole moment of H-Cl can be calculated. From the calculated value and the actual value of dipole moments the percent of ionic character of H-Cl can be determined.

To determine:

The percent ionic character of the H-Cl bond, if its actual dipole moment is 1.08 D.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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