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Concept explainers
a) H3C-Cl
Interpretation:
Using δ+/δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for C-Cl bond in H3C-Cl is to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Normally a crossed arrow is used to indicate the direction of the bond polarity. By convention electrons are displaced in the direction of the arrow. The tail of the arrow which looks like a plus sign is electron-poor (δ+) and the head of the arrow is electron rich (δ-).
To indicate:
Using δ+/ δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for C-Cl bond in H3C-Cl.
b) H3C-NH2
Interpretation:
Using δ+/δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for C-N bond in H3C-NH2 is to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Normally a crossed arrow is used to indicate the direction of the bond polarity. By convention electrons are displaced in the direction of the arrow. The tail of the arrow which looks like a plus sign is electron-poor (δ+) and the head of the arrow is electron rich (δ-).
To indicate:
Using δ+/δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for C-N bond in H3C-NH2.
c) H2N-H
Interpretation:
Using δ+/δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for N-H bond in H2N-H is to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Normally a crossed arrow is used to indicate the direction of the bond polarity. By convention electrons are displaced in the direction of the arrow. The tail of the arrow which looks like a plus sign is electron-poor (δ+) and the head of the arrow is electron rich (δ-).
To indicate:
Using δ+/ δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for N-H bond in H2N-H.
d) H3C-SH
Interpretation:
Using δ+/δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for C-S bond in H3C-SH is to be indicated.
Concept introduction:Â
Normally a crossed arrow is used to indicate the direction of the bond polarity. By convention electrons are displaced in the direction of the arrow. The tail of the arrow which looks like a plus sign is electron-poor (δ+) and the head of the arrow is electron rich (δ-).
To indicate:
Using δ+/δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for C-S bond in H3C-SH.
e) H3C- Mg Br
Interpretation:
Using δ+/δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for C-Mg bond in H3C-Mg Br is to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Normally a crossed arrow is used to indicate the direction of the bond polarity. By convention electrons are displaced in the direction of the arrow. The tail of the arrow which looks like a plus sign is electron-poor (δ+) and the head of the arrow is electron rich (δ-).
To indicate:
Using δ+/δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for C-Mg bond in H3C-Mg Br.
f) H3C-F
Interpretation:
Using δ+/δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for C-F bond in H3C-F is to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Normally a crossed arrow is used to indicate the direction of the bond polarity. By convention electrons are displaced in the direction of the arrow. The tail of the arrow which looks like a plus sign is electron-poor (δ+) and the head of the arrow is electron rich (δ-).
To indicate:
Using δ+/δ- convention, the direction of expected polarity for C-F bond in H3C-F.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecule: (a) chlorodifluoromethane, CHCIF2 (b) propanoic acid C2H5CO2H (basic structure pictured below) (c) acetonitrile, CH3CN ( the framework is H3C-C-N) (d) allene, H2CCCH2arrow_forwardHow are you supposed to do this?arrow_forwardArrange the bonds in each of the following sets in order of increasing polarity: (a) C-F, O-F, Ве-F (b) O-CI, S-Br, C-P (c) С-S, B-F, N-0arrow_forward
- For each of the following covalent bonds: (a) use the symbols δ+ and δ- to indicate the direction of polarity (if any).(a) C-F; (b) N-Br; (c) B-C; (d) Si-H(b) Rank the following covalent bonds in order of increasing polarity. (i) C-H, O-H, N-H; (ii) C-N, C-O, B-O; (iii) C-P, C-S, C-Narrow_forwardIdentify the electron geometry about each charged atom. Where appropriate, indicate the molecular geometry and approximate bond angle as well. (a) (b) (c) (d) CH3 (e) (f) O `NH H3CN-CH3 CH3arrow_forward10arrow_forward
- indicate the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules. 1 (a) H 0-N=ö 2. Н 4 H. (b) H C-c=0 H H H (c) H-N-O–H . H. (d) H-C-C=N: H.arrow_forwardPredict the approximate bond angles in each of the follow- ing molecules, and explain your reasoning, (a) :CH₂ (b) BeH₂ (c) *CH, (d) :Cl,Si (e) 0-0-0 (f) H₂C=C=CH₂ (Give H-C-C and C-C-C angles.) allene (g) H₂C-N - ozone :O:arrow_forwardUse electronegativities to predict the direction of the dipole moments of the following bonds.(a) C¬Cl (b) C¬O (c) C¬N (d) C¬S (e) C¬B(f) N¬Cl (g) N¬O (h) N¬S (i) N¬B (j) B¬Clarrow_forward
- Calculate the electronegativity difference │EN│ for each of the following bonds (include one decimal place, e.g., "0.0") (a) H-Cl (b) Na-O (c) Si-P (d) I-Farrow_forwardDraw the full 3D Lewis structure (i.e., bent, trigonal planar, etc...using VSEPR rules) with formal charges above each atom for the following Lewis bases: (a) ammonia (b) water (c) C204-2arrow_forwardH-c-ö-H H-N-c-H H-C-Ñ=ö: H-ċ-CEN: Which of the structures shown below has 4 sigma (g) bonds and 2 pi (1) bonds? (a) (b) (c) (d) O a O barrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
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