Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 29, Problem 29.54AP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reactions by which
Concept Introduction:
Composition of urine: It is composed of the products of filtration, minus the substances reabsorbed, plus the secreted substances. Nitrogen containing wastes, water and electrolytes such as
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Spironolactone is a widely prescribed diuretic ("water pill" - make you pee) which works by acting as an antagonist to aldosterone thus blocking its actions. Knowing this, how does spironolactone work as an antihypertensive (lower BP) and as a "potassium-sparing" diuretic?
Concerning the reaction that is catalysed by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells, briefly describe how the products of this reaction contribute to the buffering capacity of body fluids .
In a different instance of
(d)
two intants suspected to have a defi-
ciency of the PDH complex because
of severe lactic acidosis, tissue biop-
sies could not be taken to measure
URINARY EXCRETION OF PYRUVIC AND a-KETOGLUTARIC AcıDS
Pyruvic Acid
(umol/mg of
creatinine)
a-Ketoglutaric
Acid (μmol/mg
of creatinine)
Age
Special Diet or Drugs
Patient G. M.
enzyme activities. Instead it was no-
ticed that there were high concentra-
tions of organic acids in the urine.
Typical results are tabulated in the ta-
ble on the right. Identify the enzyme
defect and explain why it presents this
metabolic pattern. What other meta-
bolic breakdown products likely were
also detected especially following a
high protein diet but are not listed?
Name the defective enzyme.
5 wk
2.26
3.57
7½ wk
2.10
3.39
11 wk
1.35
4.63
12 wk
After 18-hr fast
1.87
0.44
High-protein, low-carbohy-
drate diet
15 wk
1.62
5.38
Patient D. M.
1 day
13 days
24 days
0.87
0.44
Thiamine
0.45
3.44
0.33
2.47
4 wk
0.53
1.23
6 wk
Thiamine…
Chapter 29 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 29.1 - Prob. 29.1KCPCh. 29.3 - Prob. 29.1CIAPCh. 29.3 - Prob. 29.2CIAPCh. 29.3 - Prob. 29.3CIAPCh. 29.3 - Prob. 29.4CIAPCh. 29.3 - Match each term in the (a)(e) group with its...Ch. 29.5 - Prob. 29.3KCPCh. 29.5 - Prob. 29.4PCh. 29.5 - Prob. 29.5PCh. 29.8 - Prob. 29.5CIAP
Ch. 29.8 - Prob. 29.6CIAPCh. 29.8 - One of the more advanced blood tests used to...Ch. 29 - Body fluids occupy two different compartments,...Ch. 29 - Prob. 29.7UKCCh. 29 - Prob. 29.8UKCCh. 29 - Prob. 29.9UKCCh. 29 - Prob. 29.10UKCCh. 29 - Prob. 29.11UKCCh. 29 - Prob. 29.12UKCCh. 29 - Prob. 29.13APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.14APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.15APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.16APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.17APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.18APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.19APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.20APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.21APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.22APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.23APCh. 29 - What are the three main types of cells found in...Ch. 29 - Prob. 29.25APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.26APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.27APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.28APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.29APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.30APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.31APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.32APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.33APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.34APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.35APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.36APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.37APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.38APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.39APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.40APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.41APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.42APCh. 29 - What color is deoxyhemoglobin? Why?Ch. 29 - Prob. 29.44APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.45APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.46APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.47APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.48APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.49APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.50APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.51APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.52APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.53APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.54APCh. 29 - Prob. 29.55CPCh. 29 - Prob. 29.56CPCh. 29 - Prob. 29.57CPCh. 29 - How does active transport differ from osmosis?Ch. 29 - Prob. 29.59CPCh. 29 - Prob. 29.60CPCh. 29 - Prob. 29.61CPCh. 29 - Prob. 29.62CPCh. 29 - Have each member of your group choose an energy...Ch. 29 - Prob. 29.64GPCh. 29 - Prob. 29.65GP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Write a balanced equation for the neutralization of stomach acid by NahCO3 .arrow_forwardExplain the action and significance of the Ca 2+ pump and the Na+/Karrow_forward(a) Identify the two reactions that allow the kidney to produce NH4+. (b) Which gluconeogenic precursor is thereby generated? Describe thepathway by which it can be converted to glucose.arrow_forward
- A common side effect of loop diuretics is hyponatremia. Which of the following compound would be given to best treat this? * Canreone Tolvapatan Triametrene Amiloride O Spironolactonearrow_forwardIn a different instance of two infants suspected to have a defi- ciency of the PDH complex because of severe lactic acidosis, tissue biop- sies could not be taken to measure URINARY EXCRETION OF PYRUVIC AND a-KETOGLUTARIC ACIDS Pyruvic Acid (итol/ mg of creatinine) a-Ketoglutaric Acid (µmol/mg of creatinine) Age Special Diet or Drugs Patient G. M. 5 wk 2.26 3.57 enzyme activities. Instead it was no- ticed that there were high concentra- tions of organic acids in the urine. Typical results are tabulated in the ta- ble on the right. Identify the enzyme defect and explain why it presents this metabolic pattern. What other meta- bolic breakdown products likely were also detected especially following a high protein diet but are not listed? Name the defective enzyme. 7½ wk 2.10 3.39 11 wk 1.35 4.63 12 wk After 18-hr fast 1.87 0.44 High-protein, low-carbohy- drate diet 15 wk 1.62 5.38 Patient D. M. 1 day 13 days 0.87 0.44 Thiamine 0.45 3.44 24 days 0.33 2.47 4 wk 0.53 1.23 6 wk Thiamine 0.42…arrow_forwardDescribe the functions of the following hormones: Aldosterone Erythropoietin Antidiuretic hormone Angiotensin II Epinephrinearrow_forward
- Renin is secreted in response to hypovolemia or to an increase in the osmolality of the blood. Provide three possible mechanisms by which these conditions may stimulate rennin secretion. What are the consequences of increased rennin secretion that lead to increased aldosterone secretion? Present this sequence of events. Why are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) used as a common therapy for hypertension? How do they influence blood pressure? Are plasma levels of renin elevated or depressed in a patient with Conn’s disease? Why?arrow_forwardThe Na+-glucose transporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 are located at different levels of the kidney proximal tubule to minimize spillover of the glucose into the urine (See diagram attached) a) Consider the Na+-glucose coupling ratios for SGLT2 and SGLT1. Why would localization of SGLT2 in the early proximal tubule and SGLT1 in the late proximal tubule be advantageous? b) The Michaelis constant (Km) for the SGLT2 and SGLT1 transporters are 2 mM and 0.5 mM, respectively. Is SGLT2 or SGLT1 the higher affinity Na+-glucose transporter? d) Dapagliflozin is an SGLT1 inhibitor and commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes. Why would this be of benefit to a diabetes patient?arrow_forwardthere is a known cause of high blood pressure that occurs because of a reduced fluid flow that triggers RAAS and Na+ reaborption with increased blood volume and pressure. what is it?arrow_forward
- Insulin and aldosterone play an essential role in the regulation of potassium distribution between the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Discuss the effect of a deficiency in these two hormones on internal potassium distributionarrow_forwardExplain the Mechanism of action of RAAS in response to fall in NaClarrow_forwardHyperaldosteronism (excessive aldosterone release) can be caused by many disease states including tumours in the adrenal gland. By now, we should be familiar with how this will affect sodium balance and blood pressure, but how would hyperaldosteronism affect potassium levels and why? Select one potassium effect (a or b) and one cause (c-f). a. The patient will become hyperkalemic. O b. The patient will become hypokalemic. O c. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Increased sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption, which then establishes a concentration gradient to increase potassium reabsorption. Od. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct. Increased sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption, which then establishes a concentration gradient to increase potassium reabsorption. O e. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct by increasing expression of EnaCs, sodium/potassium exchangers, and…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning