Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261256
Author: John McMurray, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
bartleby

Concept explainers

Thoracic and Abdominal Veins
Thorax is the region that is referred to as the trunk’s superior part and is situated between the region of the abdomen and neck. On the other hand, the abdomen is the region that is situated between the pelvis and thorax. The thoracic veins and veins of…
Ovarian and Uterine Cycles
Two cycles are engaged with the guideline of a lady's richness: the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle (additionally called the period). The ovarian cycle is a cycle that controls a lady's fruitfulness. The ovary of the follicle that produces an egg eve…
Structure and Function of The Vertebral Column
The vertebral column (also known as the backbone or spine) is a tall, thin bone that runs from the base of the spine to the pelvis and is located dorsally. It protects the spinal cord and serves as a vital connection point for a variety of muscle groups.
Axial Versus Appendicular Muscles
Axial muscle is one of the skeletal muscles that are found in the trunk and the head regions of the human body. They include the muscles of the tail and eyeball too. Axial muscles are originated from the axial skeleton that composes the bones in the neck…
Motor Units In Skeletal Muscles
A motor unit is a functional unit of muscle contraction and each muscle in the body includes many motor units. It consists of alpha motor neurons, axons, and muscle fibers. Each motor neuron comes from the anterior horn of the spinal cord and supplies ne…
Muscle And Nervous Tissues
A tissue is a group of similar cells that are organized to perform one or more specific functions. Tissues are classified into four different types based on their morphology and function: connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle tissue, and epithelial t…
Gastroileal Reflex
Gastroileal reflex is a reflexstimulated by the opening of the ileocecal valve, pushing the digested material from the ileum present in the small intestine to the large intestineaccompanied by a desire to defecate. It is the third type of gastrointestina…
Synaptic Knob
The synaptic knobs (synaptic terminals) are the ends of the neuron that are associated with the signaling of the neuronal impulses. The neurotransmitters enclosed in the vesicle fuse with these synaptic terminals and the chemical within the vesicle is re…
Blood Vessels Of The Head And Neck
The carotid arteries are the primary blood vessels that supply the blood to the neck and regions of the neck, brain, and face. Among the carotid arteries, two are positioned on the left and the right. When it comes to the neck, there are two segmental re…
Suspensory Ligament
A suspensory ligament is a group of fibrous membranes or any tissues that puts up or suspends a particular organ or a part of the body.
Receptive Relaxation
Receptive relaxation refers to the relaxation of the muscles in the upper portion of the stomach that occurs before the food particles enter the esophagus. This receptive relaxation helps in the movement of the food. This receptive relaxation is achieved…
Structure And Function of the Appendicular Skeleton
In biology, the skeletal system makes up the framework of human bodies structurally and has two main subdivisions-
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The skeletal system present in our body is distinguished as the axial and appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton has upper and lower limb bones. The axial skeleton is the bones that are present in the upper part of the body. The axial skeleton …
Types Of Joints
A joint is the point where two or more bones are connected. Joints hold the bones together and help in movement of the skeletal system in different directions. It is also called an articular surface. These are present to allow different types of movement…
Dual Innervation
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Circulatory System
The circulatory system serves to deliver oxygen to different regions of the body. The oxygen that is inhaled diffuses through the air sacs into the blood where it binds to the hemoglobin component of the blood and transmitted to different regions of the …
Human Excretory System
The expulsion of nitrogenous wastes (non-gaseous) such as urea, ammonia, uric acid with water, some salts, and pigments out of the body is termed excretion. It helps to maintain the homeostatic conditions (constant internal composition) in the body. Diff…
Structure And Function Of The Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system is a network of complex tissues and organs that aid in the expulsion of the toxins and waste materials from the body. The role of this system is to guard the body from foreign invaders and help to maintain the body fluid level.
Interstitial And Appositional Growth
Growth in bones occurs in two ways either longitudinally or increase in the width of bone size. This increase in the length size of the bone is referred as interstitial growth whereas the increase in the preexisting diameter or width size of bones is ref…
Nail Structure And Function
The claw-shaped keratinous plate positioned at the edge of the finger and toes are called the nails. These structures are identified mainly in the primates. The toenails and the fingernails are composed of tough guarding protein known as alpha-keratin, w…
Hair Structure And Function
The hair is considered as the characteristic feature of mammals and it possesses numerous functions including providing protection against external factors and dealing with the production of pheromones, apocrine sweat, and sebum. It is found to have a gr…
Hearing And Equilibrium
The ear is the organ that helps in hearing, which is the modification of sound waves from any source into neural signals that the brain could process. The ears aid in detecting and processing sound and help maintain an overall equilibrium of the being. E…
Muscular System
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Structure And Function Of The Pectoral Girdle
A pair of structures that connect the axial skeleton to the upper limbs is known as the pectoral girdle. It forms articulations, or joints, with the upper limbs, each consisting of a clavicle and scapula.
Muscular System Disorders
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Human Body Systems
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Human Reproductive System
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Bone Marrow
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Bones Of The Pelvic Girdle
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Thoracic and Abdominal Arteries
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Integumentary System
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Blood Flow Through The Kidney
Kidneys are the primary organs that eliminate all the waste products from within the body. The acids produced in the cells as a result of metabolism are removed by the kidneys. Kidneys help maintain the salt, water, and minerals like potassium, calcium, …
Body Cavities
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Sexual Reproduction
Biology is the study of living organisms. It includes various processes occurring in these organisms, like digestion, reproduction, and excretion. Reproduction is a process of producing offspring or new organisms by single or two parents. When reproducti…
The Senses
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Nervous and Endocrine Systems
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Gustation
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Eye Anatomy And Vision
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Respiratory System
It is a process by which living organisms produce energy by the oxidation of complex organic substances, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.
The Cardiopulmonary System
The cardiopulmonary system is responsible for the transportation of gases throughout the body. It comprises the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Each component of the cardiopulmonary system plays an important role in maintaining oxygen and carbon dioxide…
Digestive System
The digestive system consists of the liver and gallbladder, and gastrointestinal tract (also known as the G.I. tract). The G.I. tract is a series of hollow organs connected by a long, twisted tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. The mouth, esophagu…
The Digestive and Excretory Systems
The human body consists of several systems that help it to perform several essential life processes. The digestive system and the excretory system are some of the many systems that make the human body fit to its environment.
Hormonal Regulation
The hormones are generated in the body for controlling various biochemical reactions, which are concerned with the maintenance of homeostasis. The hormones regulate the physiological and behavioral processes of the body. The reactions including respirati…
Temporal Summation
The additive effect of multiple electrical impulses on a neuromuscular junction (junction between a nerve cell and a muscle cell), is referred to as summation in physiology. Individually, the stimuli are unable to elicit a response, but when combined, th…
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Chapter 28.2, Problem 28.4P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amino acid which is a part of thyrotropin-releasing hormone has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amine group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism  of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help
To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?
To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine.  Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Chapter 28 Solutions

Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)

Ch. 28.1 - While thinking about how a messenger molecule and...Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 28.2PCh. 28.2 - Prob. 28.3PCh. 28.2 - Prob. 28.4PCh. 28.3 - Prob. 28.5PCh. 28.3 - Prob. 28.6KCPCh. 28.4 - Prob. 28.7PCh. 28.4 - Look at the structure of thyroxine shown earlier...Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 28.1CIAPCh. 28.4 - Prob. 28.2CIAP
Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 28.9PCh. 28.5 - Prob. 25.10PCh. 28.6 - Prob. 28.11PCh. 28.6 - Prob. 28.12PCh. 28.6 - Prob. 28.13KCPCh. 28.7 - Identify the functional groups present in THC. Is...Ch. 28.7 - Prob. 28.15KCPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.16UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.17UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.18UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.19UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.20UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.21UKCCh. 28 - Prob. 28.22APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.23APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.24APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.25APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.26APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.27APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.28APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.29APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.30APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.31APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.32APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.34APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.35APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.36APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.37APCh. 28 - How does epinephrine reach its target tissues?Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.39APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.40APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.41APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.42APCh. 28 - What enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of the second...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.44APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.45APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.46APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.47APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.48APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.49APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.50APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.51APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.52APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.53APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.54APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.55APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.56APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.57APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.58APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.59APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.60APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.62APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.63APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.64APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.65APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.66APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.67APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.68APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.69APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.70APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.71APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.72APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.73APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.74APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.75APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.76APCh. 28 - Why do we have brain receptors that respond to...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.78APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.79APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.80APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.81APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.82APCh. 28 - Prob. 28.83CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.84CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.85CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.86CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.87CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.88CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.89CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.90CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.91CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.92CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.93CPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.94GPCh. 28 - Prob. 28.95GP
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