THERMODYNAMICS (LL)-W/ACCESS >CUSTOM<
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781266657610
Author: CENGEL
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 2.8, Problem 57P
Reconsider Prob. 2–56E. Using appropriate software, study the effects of the unit cost of energy, the new combustion efficiency on the annual energy, and cost savings. Let the efficiency vary from 0.7 to 0.9, and let the unit cost vary from $12 to $14 per million Btu. Plot the annual energy and cost savings against the efficiency for unit costs of $12, $13, and $14 per million Btu, and discuss the results.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A. 2 000-kW diesel engine consumes 1 bbl of
industrial fuel of 25°API at 80.6°F in a single-
day operation. Determine the amount of heat
liberated by the fuel as a result of combustion,
in GJ
The Preliminary audit taken by an energy manager indicates that the daily energy consumption per hours (with 8 hours / day shift) is distributes as follows: Fuel 1: 500 Kgs, Fuel 2: 900 Kgs, Fuel 3: 820 Kg with calorific value as fuel 1: 30000Kj/kg, Fuel 2: 42000 Kj.Kg, Fuel 3: 50000 kj/Kg. The Cost of the fuel as fuel 1: Rs 30/Kg, Fuel 2: Rs. 90/ Kg, Fuel 3: Rs 50/Kg. The Production Out put is 150000 units. Clearly showing the intermediate computation, answer the following
(a) What is the energy Index?
(b) what is the cost Index?
( c ) Represent the energy and cost distribution on pi - diagrams and Present your interference based on the above.
An old gas turbine has an efficiency of 21 percent and develops a power output of 6000 kW. Determine the fuel consumption rate of this gas turbine, in L/min, if the fuel has a heating value of 42,000 kJ/kg and a density of 0.8 g/cm3 .
Chapter 2 Solutions
THERMODYNAMICS (LL)-W/ACCESS >CUSTOM<
Ch. 2.8 - What is the difference between the macroscopic and...Ch. 2.8 - What is total energy? Identify the different forms...Ch. 2.8 - List the forms of energy that contribute to the...Ch. 2.8 - How are heat, internal energy, and thermal energy...Ch. 2.8 - What is mechanical energy? How does it differ from...Ch. 2.8 - Portable electric heaters are commonly used to...Ch. 2.8 - Natural gas, which is mostly methane CH4, is a...Ch. 2.8 - Consider the falling of a rock off a cliff into...Ch. 2.8 - Electric power is to be generated by installing a...Ch. 2.8 - The specific kinetic energy of a moving mass is...
Ch. 2.8 - Determine the specific kinetic energy of a mass...Ch. 2.8 - Calculate the total potential energy, in Btu, of...Ch. 2.8 - Determine the specific potential energy, in kJ/kg,...Ch. 2.8 - An object whose mass is 100 kg is located 20 m...Ch. 2.8 - A water jet that leaves a nozzle at 60 m/s at a...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a river flowing toward a lake at an...Ch. 2.8 - At a certain location, wind is blowing steadily at...Ch. 2.8 - What is the caloric theory? When and why was it...Ch. 2.8 - In what forms can energy cross the boundaries of a...Ch. 2.8 - What is an adiabatic process? What is an adiabatic...Ch. 2.8 - When is the energy crossing the boundaries of a...Ch. 2.8 - Consider an automobile traveling at a constant...Ch. 2.8 - A room is heated by an iron that is left plugged...Ch. 2.8 - A room is heated as a result of solar radiation...Ch. 2.8 - A gas in a pistoncylinder device is compressed,...Ch. 2.8 - A small electrical motor produces 5 W of...Ch. 2.8 - A car is accelerated from rest to 85 km/h in 10 s....Ch. 2.8 - A construction crane lifts a prestressed concrete...Ch. 2.8 - Determine the torque applied to the shaft of a car...Ch. 2.8 - A spring whose spring constant is 200 lbf/in has...Ch. 2.8 - How much work, in kJ, can a spring whose spring...Ch. 2.8 - A ski lift has a one-way length of 1 km and a...Ch. 2.8 - The engine of a 1500-kg automobile has a power...Ch. 2.8 - A damaged 1200-kg car is being towed by a truck....Ch. 2.8 - As a spherical ammonia vapor bubble rises in...Ch. 2.8 - A steel rod of 0.5 cm diameter and 10 m length is...Ch. 2.8 - What are the different mechanisms for transferring...Ch. 2.8 - For a cycle, is the net work necessarily zero? For...Ch. 2.8 - On a hot summer day, a student turns his fan on...Ch. 2.8 - Water is being heated in a closed pan on top of a...Ch. 2.8 - An adiabatic closed system is accelerated from 0...Ch. 2.8 - A fan is to accelerate quiescent air to a velocity...Ch. 2.8 - A vertical pistoncylinder device contains water...Ch. 2.8 - At winter design conditions, a house is projected...Ch. 2.8 - A water pump increases the water pressure from 15...Ch. 2.8 - The lighting needs of a storage room are being met...Ch. 2.8 - A university campus has 200 classrooms and 400...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a room that is initially at the outdoor...Ch. 2.8 - An escalator in a shopping center is designed to...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a 2100-kg car cruising at constant speed...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 51PCh. 2.8 - What is mechanical efficiency? What does a...Ch. 2.8 - How is the combined pumpmotor efficiency of a pump...Ch. 2.8 - Can the combined turbinegenerator efficiency be...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a 2.4-kW hooded electric open burner in...Ch. 2.8 - The steam requirements of a manufacturing facility...Ch. 2.8 - Reconsider Prob. 256E. Using appropriate software,...Ch. 2.8 - A 75-hp (shaft output) motor that has an...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 59PCh. 2.8 - An exercise room has six weight-lifting machines...Ch. 2.8 - A room is cooled by circulating chilled water...Ch. 2.8 - The water in a large lake is to be used to...Ch. 2.8 - A 7-hp (shaft) pump is used to raise water to an...Ch. 2.8 - A geothermal pump is used to pump brine whose...Ch. 2.8 - At a certain location, wind is blowing steadily at...Ch. 2.8 - Reconsider Prob. 265. Using appropriate software,...Ch. 2.8 - Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher...Ch. 2.8 - An 80-percent-efficient pump with a power input of...Ch. 2.8 - Water is pumped from a lake to a storage tank 15 m...Ch. 2.8 - Large wind turbines with a power capacity of 8 MW...Ch. 2.8 - A hydraulic turbine has 85 m of elevation...Ch. 2.8 - The water behind Hoover Dam in Nevada is 206 m...Ch. 2.8 - An oil pump is drawing 44 kW of electric power...Ch. 2.8 - A wind turbine is rotating at 15 rpm under steady...Ch. 2.8 - How does energy conversion affect the environment?...Ch. 2.8 - What is acid rain? Why is it called a rain? How do...Ch. 2.8 - Why is carbon monoxide a dangerous air pollutant?...Ch. 2.8 - What is the greenhouse effect? How does the excess...Ch. 2.8 - What is smog? What does it consist of? How does...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a household that uses 14,000 kWh of...Ch. 2.8 - When a hydrocarbon fuel is burned, almost all of...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 82PCh. 2.8 - A typical car driven 20,000 km a year emits to the...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 84PCh. 2.8 - What are the mechanisms of heat transfer?Ch. 2.8 - Which is a better heat conductor, diamond or...Ch. 2.8 - How does forced convection differ from natural...Ch. 2.8 - What is a blackbody? How do real bodies differ...Ch. 2.8 - Define emissivity and absorptivity. What is...Ch. 2.8 - Does any of the energy of the sun reach the earth...Ch. 2.8 - The inner and outer surfaces of a 5-m 6-m brick...Ch. 2.8 - The inner and outer surfaces of a 0.5-cm-thick 2-m...Ch. 2.8 - Reconsider Prob. 292. Using appropriate software,...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 94PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 95PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 96PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 97PCh. 2.8 - For heat transfer purposes, a standing man can be...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 99PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 100PCh. 2.8 - A 1000-W iron is left on the ironing board with...Ch. 2.8 - A 7-cm-external-diameter, 18-m-long hot-water pipe...Ch. 2.8 - A thin metal plate is insulated on the back and...Ch. 2.8 - Reconsider Prob. 2103. Using appropriate software,...Ch. 2.8 - The outer surface of a spacecraft in space has an...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 106PCh. 2.8 - A hollow spherical iron container whose outer...Ch. 2.8 - Some engineers have developed a device that...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a classroom for 55 students and one...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a homeowner who is replacing his...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 111RPCh. 2.8 - The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that...Ch. 2.8 - A typical household pays about 1200 a year on...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 114RPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 115RPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 116RPCh. 2.8 - Consider a TV set that consumes 120 W of electric...Ch. 2.8 - Water is pumped from a 200-ft-deep well into a...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a vertical elevator whose cabin has a...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 120RPCh. 2.8 - In a hydroelectric power plant, 65 m3/s of water...Ch. 2.8 - The demand for electric power is usually much...Ch. 2.8 - The pump of a water distribution system is powered...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 124RPCh. 2.8 - A 2-kW electric resistance heater in a room is...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 126FEPCh. 2.8 - A 75-hp compressor in a facility that operates at...Ch. 2.8 - On a hot summer day, the air in a well-sealed room...Ch. 2.8 - A fan is to accelerate quiescent air to a velocity...Ch. 2.8 - A 900-kg car cruising at a constant speed of 60...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 131FEPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 132FEPCh. 2.8 - A 2-kW pump is used to pump kerosene ( = 0.820...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 134FEPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 135FEPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 136FEPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 137FEPCh. 2.8 - Heat is transferred steadily through a...Ch. 2.8 - The roof of an electrically heated house is 7 m...
Additional Engineering Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
A number of common substances are
Some of these materials exhibit characteristics of both solid and fluid beha...
Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
19.8 Calculate the allowable tensile load for the connection shown. The plates are ASTM A36 steel and the weld ...
Applied Statics and Strength of Materials (6th Edition)
Find the change in length of side AB.
Mechanics of Materials, 7th Edition
List several uses of the arbor press.
Machine Tool Practices (10th Edition)
23.23 A highly oxidized and uneven round bar is being turned on a lathe. Would you recommend a small or a large...
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Determine the velocity of block D if end A of the rope is pulled down with a speed of vA = 3 m/s.
Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics (14th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Is energy added to the gas by heating or removed by cooling in each cycle? Support your claim in a coherent paragraph-length response that qualitatively compares the amounts of energy added to the gas by heating or removed by cooling in the two cycles and refers to the work done on the gas and the change in internal energy of the gas.arrow_forwardThe fleet average fuel economy of one car-maker fails to meet the present CAFE target (27.5 mpg) by 3 mpg. As we know, this will incur a penalty of $ 165 per car. Assuming that the first owner of a typical car bought from this car-maker drives it for 100,000 miles before selling it. If the carbon footprint of gasoline is 2.9 kg/litre and 1 US gallon = 3.79 litre how much extra carbon does the car emit? 5264 kg 4894 kg 2536 kg 3625 kgarrow_forwardHow many kg of CO2 will be saved by reducing the power usage of the total petrol vehicle fleet by 10 GWh/day for one year? Note that a petrol car typically produces 2.31 kg/L of CO2, and the energy density of petrol is 34 MJ/L.arrow_forward
- 1. An engine rejects 200kW when running at a thermal efficiency of 22%. The calorific value of the fuel used is 42MJ/kg. Determine (i) the heat received by the engine; (ii) the power output in kW, and (iii) the mass of fuel used/h 2. A 20kg block of iron at 50°C is dropped into an insulated tank which contains 0.5m of water at 25°C. If the specific heat of the iron, Cpiron, is 0.45 kJ/kg°C and the specific heat of the water, Cpwater, is 4.184 kJ/kg'C. Determine: (a) mass of the water; s) (b) the temperature at which thermal equilibrium is reached, and For equilibrium AUsystem-AUron+AUwater 0 (c) the amount of energy added to the water. AU =mwaterCpwater (tequili"twater) water The barometer of a mountain hiker reads 910mbars at the beginning of the hike and 710mbars at the end. 3. (а) Determine the vertical distance climbed. You can assume an average air density of 1.2kg/m 4.arrow_forwardDuring a steady flow process, the pressure of the working substance drops from 200 to 20 psig, the speed increases from 100 to 800 fps, The internal energy of the open system increases by 15 Btu/lbm, and the specific volume increases from 1 to 10 ft3/lb. The heat lost of the open system is equivalent to 1 kW. Determine the work in hp for a mass flow rate of 12 lbm per min. Thank you for answering. Complete answer pleasearrow_forwardIn a piston-cylinder arrangement, energy is added and the piston is withdrawn in such a way that the quantity PV remains constant. The initial pressure and volume are 450 kPa and 7 m3, respectively. If the final pressure is 350 kPa, The work done by the gas on the piston in kJ is 687.218 4737.844 O 6437.752 1318.335arrow_forward
- During a steady flow process, the pressure of the working substance drops from 200 to 20 psia, the speed increases from 300 to 1500ft/s, the internal energy of the open system decreases 25 BTU/lb, and the specific volume increases from 1 to 8 ft3/lb. heat is lost by 10 BTU/lb. what is the kinetic energy in point 1 and 2, and flow work in point 1 and 2?arrow_forwardA coal-burning steam power plant produces a net power of 300 MW with an overall thermal efficiency of 32 percent. The actual gravimetric air-fuel ratio in the furnace is calculated to be 12 kg air/kg fuel. The heating value of the coal is 28,000 kJ/kg. Determine (a) the amount of coal consumed during a 24-hour period and (b) the rate of air flowing through the furnace Answers: (a) 2.89 X 106 kg, (b) 402 kg/sarrow_forwardb) Calculate the work done (W) when heat (Q) supplied to a system is 100 Joules and change in internal energies ΔU (U2 – U1) is 55+04 Joules.arrow_forward
- Calculate the amount of work necessary for the reversible compression of steam from 1 bar to 10 bar. The compression is to take place in a cylinder fitted with a weightless piston at the constant temperature of 500 oC. Under these conditions we have a superheated vapor. Report your answer in units of kJ/kg using three decimal places. As you check your work, note that here we have compression from 1 bar to 10 bar under constant temperature. We would expect the volume of the system to decrease. Use this to check the sign (positive or negative) of your computed work.arrow_forwardIn a certain process, the working fluid is cooled until 100 Btu/lbm has been extracted as heat. During this process, 100 ft.·lbf/lbm of fluid is added as work. If the working substance undergoes a change in temperature from 100°F to 50°F, what is the specific heat of the process in Btu/lbm-R?arrow_forwardDuring a steady flow process, the pressure of the working substance drops from 100 to 20 psia, the velocity increases from 200 to 1200 fps, the internal energy decreases 25 Btu/lb., and the volume increases from 1 to 6 cu.ft/lb. If the heat transferred is zero, what is the work of 1 lb. of the substance in Btu?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY
Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY
The Refrigeration Cycle Explained - The Four Major Components; Author: HVAC Know It All;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfciSvOZDUY;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY