Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 28, Problem 3TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Plants have evolved to adapt to terrestrial life on Earth, over the course of evolution. They used to stay underwater on early earth and that did not require much modification because of a continuous source of water supply. However, as the plants adapted to terrestrial life, the leaves and stems of plants got modified in many ways and they also developed an intricate root system to ensure a continuous water supply. The leaves of plants are of two types: microphylls and megaphylls.
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Some ancestral plants had a difficult transition to land, as challenges to survive caused plant evolution to develop very specialized adaptations over an extended amount of time. These are some
of the challenges that plants faced:
A. Avoiding desiccation
B. Supporting larger bodies (against gravity)
C Internally transporting substances
D. Keeping gametes wet
E. Keeping embryos wet
For each of the above challenges. provide a structure/adaptation that plants have developed which mitigates that specific challenge. Must describe a structure or trait for all!
The following evolutionary trends are seen in the seedless land plants.
a. Gametophytes became photosynthetic.
b. A key innovation accompanying the appearance of pterophytes was the haplodiplontic life cycle.
c. The gametophyte generation became the dominant generation.
d. There is increased protection of the sporophyte generation in its early developmental stages.
Over the course of plant evolution, there has been an increasing dominance ofa. the gametophyte generation.b. C4 photosynthesis.c. angiosperms.d. the sporophyte generation.
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 28.1 - How did plant adaptations such as a root system, a...Ch. 28.1 - Describe the difference between homospory and...Ch. 28.2 - Give some examples of bryophyte features that...Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 28.3 - Compare and contrast the lycophyte and bryophyte...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 28.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 28.4 - What are some important ecological and economic...Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 28 - Which of the following is not an evolutionary...
Ch. 28 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 28 - Which is the correct matching of phylum and plant...Ch. 28 - Which feature(s) do ferns share with all other...Ch. 28 - In addition to having simple vascular tissue,...Ch. 28 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 28 - Based solely on numbers of species, the most...Ch. 28 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 28 - Discuss Concepts Working in the field, you...Ch. 28 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 28 - Prob. 2ITD
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- Compare and contrast bryophytes (e.g. mosses) and seedless vascular plants (e.g. ferns). What differences exist between these classifications of plants, and how have these differences become evolutionarily advantageous?arrow_forwardPut the following 3 fictional plants in order from earliest to most recent according to their characteristics: A. The Terpad Plant: This plant reproduces using spores and has proper leaves and vascular tissue. B. The Feltris Plant: The Feltris plant lives in moist environments since it doesn't have any vascular tissue to maintain hydration throughout the plant. This plant has no roots either but has small root-like structures called rhizoids which help anchor them to the ground. Water is also required in order for fertilization. C. The Lancelot Plant: This plant can grow in either moist or dry environments, has true roots, stems and leaves and reproduces via seeds which develop within an ovary.arrow_forwardThe extinct plant Rhynia is important because: Select one:a. they are the only known lineage of land plant to lack a cuticleb. they are some of the earliest evidence of the evolution of lignified xylemc. they occured in huge numbers and formed the coal deposits human use todayd. it is the earliest known Hornwort fossile. it shows the earliest evidence of secondary thickening in land plantsarrow_forward
- The evolution of land plants was challanged by both exposure to direct sunlight as well as adjusting to gravity. true or false?arrow_forwardPlants made the leap from water to land during the late Ordovician period (we think). In order to make it, various physical obstacles had to be overcome. Choose one adaptation and explore it further. What evidence do we have of this change? Are there specific fossils of plants that exhibit it? How do we think it may have developed? Not all of these changes occurred at the exact same time. Was your chosen adaptation one of the first or late to the game? including references are appreciated.arrow_forwardIn plants,a. a gamete becomes a gametophyte.b. a spore becomes a sporophyte.c. both sporophyte and gametophyte produce spores.d. only a sporophyte produces spores.e. Both a and b are correct.arrow_forward
- Rhizomes, tubers, corms, and stolons are examples of modified: A. leaves B. roots C. stems D. flowers E. bulbs Which phylum has very few surviving species, and are tropical and subtropical plants with stout, trunk-like stems, and compound leaves that resemble those of palms or tree ferns? A. Anthophyta B. Cycadophyta C. Coniferophyta D. Gnetophyta E. Pteridophyta True or False - Microphylls evolved from stem branches. ___________________ True Falsearrow_forwardPhylogenetic analyses of land plants and their close relatives determined that the land plants form a monophyletic group (pass one-snip-test). This suggests, Select one: O a. There was a single transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats b. Flowering plants arose first O c. No changes have occurred in lands plants since they transition to a terrestrial habitat O d. Wind-pollinated plants arose first e. There were many transitions from aquatic to terrestrial habitatsarrow_forwardPlease answer question 3arrow_forward
- Which of the following was a challenge to the survival of the first land plants? Select one or more: O a. Desiccation (drying out) O b. Transportation of water between tissues O c. Shortage of carbon dioxide d. Animal predation O e. Too much sunlight (UV-radiation)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT true of the stems of vascular plants? a. Stems are composed of repeating segments, including nodes and internodes. b. Primary growth only occurs at the shoot apical meristem. c. Vascular tissues may be arranged on the outside of the stem or scattered throughout the stem. d. Stems can contain stomata.arrow_forwardIn mosses, the leaves are very primitive because: O a. The leaves do not carry out photosynthesis. O b. The leaves arise directly from the roots without any stem. O c. The leaves are tubular, rather than flat. O d. All the cells are identical to each other. The leaves are only found in the sporophyte. Oe.arrow_forward
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