Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 28, Problem 13TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The comparison of the size, anatomical complexity and degree of independence of a moss gametophyte, and a fern gametophyte. Mention which one is most protected from external environments. Mention the trends in the plant’s evolution that your work on this question brings to mind.
Introduction:
Seedless plants have adapted from aquatic forms to the terrestrial lands. These plants are simple and do not produce seeds. Ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails are examples of modern seedless plants. They have a wide range of ecologic and economic uses for mankind.
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Compare and contrast bryophytes (e.g. mosses) and seedless vascular plants (e.g. ferns). What differences exist between these classifications of plants, and how have these differences become evolutionarily advantageous?
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A. The Terpad Plant: This plant reproduces using spores and has proper leaves and
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How may the following trends in plant evolution be adaptive to living on land? (a) dependence on water for fertilization ➝ no need for water as a transport medium (b) homospory ➝ heterospory
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 28.1 - How did plant adaptations such as a root system, a...Ch. 28.1 - Describe the difference between homospory and...Ch. 28.2 - Give some examples of bryophyte features that...Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 28.3 - Compare and contrast the lycophyte and bryophyte...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 28.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 28.4 - What are some important ecological and economic...Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 28 - Which of the following is not an evolutionary...
Ch. 28 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 28 - Which is the correct matching of phylum and plant...Ch. 28 - Which feature(s) do ferns share with all other...Ch. 28 - In addition to having simple vascular tissue,...Ch. 28 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 28 - Based solely on numbers of species, the most...Ch. 28 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 28 - Discuss Concepts Working in the field, you...Ch. 28 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 28 - Prob. 2ITD
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- Some ancestral plants had a difficult transition to land, as challenges to survive caused plant evolution to develop very specialized adaptations over an extended amount of time. These are some of the challenges that plants faced: A. Avoiding desiccation B. Supporting larger bodies (against gravity) C Internally transporting substances D. Keeping gametes wet E. Keeping embryos wet For each of the above challenges. provide a structure/adaptation that plants have developed which mitigates that specific challenge. Must describe a structure or trait for all!arrow_forwardThe section Evolution of Seeds describes the fossil seeds Archaeosperma arnoldii. Its megasporangium was surrounded by a layer of tissue, called an that projected upward, and there was a large , a hole that permitted sperm cells to swim to the egg. If you have studied flowering plant reproduction, how many of these same features occur in flowering plants?arrow_forwardRank the relative size of the gametophyte generation in the following plant lineages: Bryophyte Seedless Vascular Plant Angiosperms ✓ [Choose ] Mid Largest Smallest [Choose ]arrow_forward
- Now you will practice identifying the phylogenetic tree that corresponds to a given character table. The following table shows three key events in the evolution of plants: the development of vascular tissue, the development of flowers, and the development of seeds. Plant groups Vascular Tissue Flowers Seeds Gymnosperms 1 0 1 Mosses 0 0 0 Ferns 1 0 0 Angiosperms 1 1 1 Select the phylogenetic tree that correctly represents the data in the character table.arrow_forwardPlant Diversity Know the phylum, domain and supergroup of land plants and its sister taxon. Describe at least four out of the seven derived traits of land plants. Describe and draw a general land plant life cycle (know the terms haploid, diploid, gametophyte, sporophyte, spore, meiosis, mitosis)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements characterize the megaphyll line of evolution? A) They differ from microphylls by developing a single, unbranched vein rather than a branched vascular system.B) They are believed to have evolved from branching telomeres that flattened and developed photosynthetic tissue between the branches.C) They developed into leaves that can also be called lycophyllsD) They developed into the large leaves of the angiospermsarrow_forward
- In the vascular bundles of flowering plants, protoxylem is closest to the center of the stem, and metaxylem is farther out. Is this an endarch or an exarch arrangement? Seed plants always have just this one arrangement, but what about the early vascular plants? Were they endarch or exarch, or did both types occur originally?arrow_forwardWhat are the differences between “lignophytes” and “progymnosperms”? What is their significance in the study of plant evolution? P.S. Word limit: 100 wordsarrow_forwardReview the life cycles of the three major plant groups (bryophyte or non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and seed plants). Be able to identify the gametophyte and sporophyte generations in each plant group. Make one graph that shows patterns of changes in the following characteristics, as the different plant groups (bryophytes or non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and seed plants) appeared or evolved on land through time. 1) size of the gametophyte generation 2) size of the sporophyte generation 3) biomass (amount of organic material) stored in the sporophyte 4) degree of dependence on water for fertilization Make sure the y- and x- axes of the graph, labels and title are included and correctly applied.arrow_forward
- Describe what the early angiosperm may have been like with regard to flowers, body, ecołogy, wood and pollen. For each of the characters, what living angiosperms still have those characters? In what ways have those changed in certain lines of evolution?arrow_forwardPlease type a brief definition of the following terms Photoperiod - Long day vs. Short day vs. Day-neutral plants - Merosity - Quartet model - Orthologs - Microsporangium - Staminode - Self-incompatibility (SI) - Aggregate vs. multiple fruits - Homology vs. Homoplasy -arrow_forwardIn most plants the largest, longest-lived body is a diploid sporophyte. By one hypothesis, diploid dominance was favored because it allowed a greater level of genetic diversity. Suppose that a recessive mutation arises. It is mildly disadvantageous now, but it will be useful in some future environment. Explain why such a mutation would be more likely to persist in a fern than in a moss.arrow_forward
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