(a) Interpretation : The reason for production of lactate during moderate exercises should be determined. Concept introductionI: Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 27, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : The reason for production of lactate during moderate exercises should be determined.

Concept introductionI:

Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation : The process should be determined which takes place when lactate threshold comes.

Concept introduction :Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation : The reason for measuring lactate threshold value athletes should be determined.

Concept introduction : Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : The reason for production of lactate during moderate exercises should be determined.

Concept introductionI:

Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation : The process should be determined which takes place when lactate threshold comes.

Concept introduction :Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation : The reason for measuring lactate threshold value athletes should be determined.

Concept introduction : Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : The reason for production of lactate during moderate exercises should be determined.

Concept introductionI:

Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation : The process should be determined which takes place when lactate threshold comes.

Concept introduction :Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation : The reason for measuring lactate threshold value athletes should be determined.

Concept introduction : Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : The reason for production of lactate during moderate exercises should be determined.

Concept introductionI:

Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation : The process should be determined which takes place when lactate threshold comes.

Concept introduction :Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation : The reason for measuring lactate threshold value athletes should be determined.

Concept introduction : Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

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Answer 5

Chapter 27, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : The reason for production of lactate during moderate exercises should be determined.

Concept introductionI:

Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation : The process should be determined which takes place when lactate threshold comes.

Concept introduction :Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation : The reason for measuring lactate threshold value athletes should be determined.

Concept introduction : Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Answer 6

Chapter 27, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : The reason for production of lactate during moderate exercises should be determined.

Concept introductionI:

Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Answer 7

Chapter 27, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : The reason for production of lactate during moderate exercises should be determined.

Concept introductionI:

Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation : The process should be determined which takes place when lactate threshold comes.

Concept introduction :Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation : The process should be determined which takes place when lactate threshold comes.

Concept introduction :Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation : The reason for measuring lactate threshold value athletes should be determined.

Concept introduction : Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation : The reason for measuring lactate threshold value athletes should be determined.

Concept introduction : Lactate is an organic molecule which is produced by many tissues in the humans, but it is mostly produced in the muscles that work anaerobically. During the process of glycolysis, ATP is produced, and pyruvate is produced as the end product. When the muscles work anaerobically (without oxygen), then pyruvate gets converted into lactate.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 27 - Prob. 1P Ch. 27 - Prob. 2P Ch. 27 - Prob. 3P Ch. 27 - Prob. 4P Ch. 27 - Prob. 5P Ch. 27 - Prob. 6P Ch. 27 - Prob. 7P Ch. 27 - Prob. 8P Ch. 27 - Prob. 9P Ch. 27 - Prob. 10P

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Chapter 27 Solutions