
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The explanation for alanine which has different optical rotation in water,
Concept introduction:
The amino acid is made of two

Answer to Problem 27.61AP
Each solvent rotates the alanine molecule to a different angle due to the formation of different complex formation and so it gives rise to different optical rotation in different solvents.
Explanation of Solution
The structure of alanine is shown below.
Figure 1
Alanine is an optically active compound. It rotates the plane of polarized light. The reaction of alanine with water,
Figure 2
The optical rotation of alanine is measure by Circular Dichroism (CD). It involves circularly polarized light absorption. It measures the angle at which the plane-polarized light is rotated by the molecule. Each solvent rotates the alanine molecule to a different angle, due to this it gives rise to different optical rotation in different solvents.
The alanine has different optical rotation in water,
(b)
Interpretation:
The explanation for two known mono
Concept introduction:
The amino acid is made of two functional groups an amine group,

Answer to Problem 27.61AP
Due to the presence of two amine groups in lysine molecule. It may undergo acetylation reaction from either side and form mono
Explanation of Solution
The structure of amino acid lysine is shown below.
Figure 3
The structure of the lysine molecule contains two amine group one at the
Figure 4
The two mono
(c)
Interpretation:
The explanation for fact that the peptide
Concept introduction:
The amino acid is made of two functional groups an amine group

Answer to Problem 27.61AP
The compound urea under basic conditions acts as a denaturation agent which breakdown the protein molecule bonding. Due to this, the peptide,
Explanation of Solution
The protein molecule is composed of four types of structure primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary. The enzyme trypsin hydrolyzes the peptide,
The peptide
(d)
Interpretation:
The explanation for the peptide containing cysteine on reaction with
Concept introduction:
The amino acid is made of two functional groups an amine group,

Answer to Problem 27.61AP
The generation of lysine type molecule at the end of the reaction which is cleaved by trypsin enzyme. Due to this, the peptide containing cysteine on reaction with
Explanation of Solution
The structure of the cysteine molecule is shown below.
Figure 5
The same molecule in peptides exists as a disulfide bond. The disulfide bond of cysteine in the protein molecule is shown below.
Figure 6
When this protein molecule with a disulfide bond is treated with
Figure 7
The thiol group is then reacted with the aziridine molecule which results in the formation of a lysine type molecule. This reaction is shown below.
Figure 8
This lysine type molecule then reacts with trypsin enzyme which cleaves arginine and lysine molecule. Due to this, the trypsin enzyme reacts with the modified cysteine residues.
The peptide containing cysteine on reaction with
(e)
Interpretation:
The explanation for the formation of two separable methionine sulfoxides from the oxidation of
Concept introduction:
The amino acid is made of two functional groups an amine group,

Answer to Problem 27.61AP
The application of a certain amount of energy which converts one form to another form of structure. Due to this, the formation of two separable methionine sulfoxides from the oxidation of
Explanation of Solution
The structure of methionine is shown below.
Figure 9
The resonance structure of sulfoxides with two different groups is shown below.
Figure 10
The conversion of one structure to another structure at room temperature requires a certain amount of energy. Therefore, on the application of that amount of energy, the two forms of
Figure 11
The formation of two separable methionine sulfoxides from the oxidation of
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Chapter 27 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Complete the following esterification reaction by drawing the structural formula of the product formed. HOH HO i catalyst catalyst OH HO (product has rum flavor) (product has orange flavor)arrow_forwardThe statements in the tables below are about two different chemical equilibria. The symbols have their usual meaning, for example AG stands for the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction and K stands for the equilibrium constant. In each table, there may be one statement that is faise because it contradicts the other three statements. If you find a false statement, check the box next to t Otherwise, check the "no false statements" box under the table. statement false? AG"1 no false statements: statement false? AG-0 0 InK-0 0 K-1 0 AH-TAS no false statements 2arrow_forwardComplete the following esterification reactions by drawing the line formulas of the carboxylic acid and alcohol required to form the ester shown. catalyst catalyst catalyst apricot fragrancearrow_forward
- Show the saponification products of the following ester: You don't need to draw in the Na+ cation. catalyst, A catalyst, A catalyst, Aarrow_forwardWhat would happen if the carboxylic acid and alcohol groups were on the same molecule? In essence, the molecule reacts with itself. Draw the structure of the products formed in this manner using the reactants below. If two functional groups interact with one another on the same molecule, this is called an “intramolecular" (within one) rather than "intermolecular" (between two or more) attack. OH OH catalyst OH HO catalyst catalyst HO OHarrow_forwardQ3: Write in the starting alkyl bromide used to form the following products. Include any reactants, reagents, and solvents over the reaction arrow. If more than one step is required, denote separate steps by using 1), 2), 3), etc. H OH racemic OH OH 5 racemicarrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis structure of the SO3-O(CH3)2 complex shown in the bottom right of slide 2in lecture 3-3 (“Me” means a CH3 group) – include all valence electron pairs and formal charges.From this structure, should the complex be a stable molecule? Explain.arrow_forwardPredict all organic product(s), including stereoisomers when applicable.arrow_forwardQ5: Propose a reasonable synthesis for the following decalin derivative. using only decalin and alkanes of 3 or fewer carbons. Decalin H3C HO க CH3arrow_forward
- 2Helparrow_forwardplease add appropriate arrows, and tell me clearly where to add arrows, or draw itarrow_forwardWhat I Have Learned Directions: Given the following reaction and the stress applied in each reaction, answer the question below. A. H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g) Stress applied: Decreasing the pressure 1. What is the Keq expression? 2. What will be the effect in the number of moles of HCl(g)? 3. What will be the Equilibrium Shift or the reaction? B. Fe3O4(s) + 4 H2(g) + heat 53 Fe(s) + 4 H₂O(g) Stress applied: Increasing the temperature 1. What is the Keq expression?. 2. What will be the effect in the volume of water vapor collected? 3. What will be the Equilibrium Shift or the reaction? C. 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g) + heat Stress applied: Increasing the volume of the container 1. What is the Keq expression?. 2. What will be the effect in the amount of H₂O? 3. What will be the Equilibrium Shift or the reaction?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning

