(a) Interpretation: The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated. Concept Introduction: Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.31AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

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2. Provide a clear arrow-pushing mechanism for the following reactions. Do not skip proton transfers, do not combine steps, and make sure your arrows are clear enough to be interpreted without ambiguity. a. CH3 Ph OEt هد Ph CH3 Hint: the species on the left is an ynolate, which behaves a lot like an enolate.

b. CH3 H3C CH3 CH3 H3C an unexpected product, containing a single 9- membered ring the expected product, containing two fused rings H3C-I (H3C)2CuLi an enolate

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.31AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.31AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.31AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

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Answer 5

Chapter 26, Problem 26.31AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Answer 6

Chapter 26, Problem 26.31AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Answer 7

Chapter 26, Problem 26.31AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contain nitrogen atom as heteroatom. The lone pair of nitrogen atom pyridine is not delocalized over the ring. Pyridine is basic in nature. The basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution. Basicity of pyridine compounds depends on the nucleophilicity of their nitrogen lone pair.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of basicity of the given compounds is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The basicity of compounds can be compared by comparing the stability of their conjugate acid. If the conjugate acid formed is more stable than the basicity of compound will be greater. Resonance structure containing positive charge on electronegative atom is less stable.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.1P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.2P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.3P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.4P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.5P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.6P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.7P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.8P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.9P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound which contains nitrogen atom as heteroatom. Basicity of pyridine compounds changes with substitution.

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Chapter 26 Solutions