Chapter 25, Problem 5QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structures for the given functional groups are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structures are totally open forms of structures of organic compounds in which all the atoms along with their bond pairs and associated lone pairs are depicted. Bond pairs are shown in the form of lines and a lone pair is drawn as a pair of dots.

Dots are placed above and below as well as to the left and right of symbol.

Number of dots is important in Lewis dot symbol but not the order in which the dots are placed around the symbol.

In writing symbol pairing is not done until absolutely necessary.

For metals, the number of dots represents the number of electrons that are lost when the atom forms a cation.

For second period non metals, the number of unpaired dots is the number of bonds the atom can form.

Atomic ions can also be represented by dot symbols, by simply adding (for anions) and subtracting (for cations) the appropriate number of dots from Lewis dot symbol.

The octet rule states that every atom reacts to form bonds till its octet of electrons gets completely filled.