Chapter 25, Problem 89AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula and the hybridization of each carbon atom in the isomeric formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$ having no rings are to be described.

Concept Introduction:

The structural formula of a chemical molecule consists of a graphic representation of the molecular structure and arrangement of atoms.

Isomeric molecule ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$ group has three different structural formulae, but the molecular formula would be the same.

Hybridization occurs by the mixing of atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals with different energies and shapes.

If there are two electron domains on an atom, then the atom is $sp$ hybridized. $sp$ orbitals are formed by mixing of one $s$ and one $p$.

If there are three electron domains on an atom, then the atom is $s{p}^2$ hybridized. $s{p}^2$ orbitals are formed by mixing of one $s$ and two $p$.

If there are four electron domains on an atom, then the atom is $s{p}^3$ hybridized. $s{p}^3$ orbitals are formed by mixing of one $s$ and three $p$.